Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

20. Carbohydrates

Disaccharides

GOB Chemistry

20. Carbohydrates

Disaccharides

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2:48 minutes

Problem 55d

Textbook Question

Isomaltose, obtained from the breakdown of starch, has the following Haworth structure:

d. Is this the α or β isomer of isomaltose?

Verified step by step guidance

Examine the Haworth structure of isomaltose provided in the problem. Focus on the orientation of the hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the anomeric carbon (the carbon directly bonded to two oxygen atoms in the ring).

Identify the anomeric carbon in the first glucose unit of isomaltose. This is the carbon that was part of the carbonyl group in the linear form of glucose before cyclization.

Determine the position of the hydroxyl group (-OH) on the anomeric carbon. If the -OH group is pointing downward (trans to the CH2OH group), it is the α-isomer. If the -OH group is pointing upward (cis to the CH2OH group), it is the β-isomer.

Compare the orientation of the -OH group on the anomeric carbon to the CH2OH group on the same glucose unit. This will help confirm whether the structure is α or β.

Conclude whether the given structure represents the α or β isomer of isomaltose based on the orientation of the hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Haworth Structure

The Haworth structure is a way of representing the cyclic form of monosaccharides and disaccharides, showing the arrangement of atoms in a ring. It illustrates the anomeric carbon, which is crucial for determining the alpha or beta configuration of sugars. In the case of isomaltose, understanding its Haworth structure helps identify the orientation of the hydroxyl group at the anomeric carbon.

Alpha and Beta Anomers

Alpha and beta anomers refer to the two possible configurations of a sugar at its anomeric carbon, which is the carbon derived from the carbonyl group during cyclization. In the alpha form, the hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon is positioned on the opposite side of the ring from the CH2OH group, while in the beta form, it is on the same side. This distinction is essential for understanding the properties and reactivity of carbohydrates.

Isomaltose

Isomaltose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose units linked by an α(1→6) glycosidic bond, formed during the enzymatic breakdown of starch. Its structure and configuration influence its digestibility and sweetness compared to other sugars. Recognizing whether isomaltose is in its alpha or beta form is important for its biochemical behavior and applications in food science.

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