Gentiobiose is found in saffron.
b. Is gentiobiose a reducing sugar? Explain.

Isomaltose, obtained from the breakdown of starch, has the following Haworth structure:

d. Is this the α or β isomer of isomaltose? 

α−Cellobiose is a disaccharide obtained from the hydrolysis of cellulose. It is quite similar to maltose except it has a β(1→4)−glycosidic bond. Draw the Haworth structure for α−cellobiose.

For each of the following, give the monosaccharide units produced by hydrolysis, the type of glycosidic bond, and the name of the disaccharide, including α or β:

a.

The disaccharide trehalose found in mushrooms is composed of two α-D-glucose molecules joined by an α(1→1)−glycosidic bond. Draw the Haworth structure for trehalose.

 What are the disaccharides and polysaccharides present in each of the following?

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The glycosidic bond in a disaccharide was determined to be α(1→6). Hydrolysis of the disaccharide produced one galactose and one fructose. Draw the structure of the disaccharide.

The structure of sucralose, found in the artificial sweetener Splenda, is shown in the figure. It consists of a chlorinated disaccharide made up of galactose and fructose. In its structure shown,

(a) identify the galactose unit and the fructose unit.

Trehalose is a naturally occurring disaccharide used in cosmetics because of its ability to retain moisture. The formal name of trehalose is glucose α, α(1→1) glucose. Draw the structure of trehalose. Is it a reducing or nonreducing sugar?