Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

1. Matter and Measurements

Significant Figures: Precision in Measurements

GOB Chemistry

1. Matter and Measurements

Significant Figures: Precision in Measurements

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1:11 minutes

Problem 9a

Textbook Question

Use the metric ruler to measure the length in each of the following, and write the measurement, the estimated digit, and the number of significant figures:
a. <IMAGE>

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Step 1: Understand the concept of significant figures. Significant figures are the digits in a measurement that are known with certainty plus one estimated digit. The estimated digit is the last digit in the measurement and is determined by the smallest division on the measuring tool.

Step 2: Examine the metric ruler in the image provided. Identify the smallest division on the ruler (e.g., millimeters or centimeters). This will help determine the precision of the measurement and the estimated digit.

Step 3: Align the object being measured with the ruler and determine the length by reading the value where the object ends. Include all certain digits and estimate the last digit based on the position of the object relative to the smallest division.

Step 4: Write down the measurement, including the estimated digit. For example, if the object ends between 5.6 cm and 5.7 cm, you might estimate the length as 5.65 cm.

Step 5: Count the number of significant figures in the measurement. Include all non-zero digits, any zeros between significant digits, and trailing zeros if they are after a decimal point. For example, 5.65 cm has three significant figures.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Significant Figures

Significant figures are the digits in a number that contribute to its precision. This includes all non-zero digits, any zeros between significant digits, and trailing zeros in the decimal portion. Understanding significant figures is crucial for accurately reporting measurements and ensuring that the precision of the measurement is communicated effectively.

Measurement Techniques

Measurement techniques involve the methods and tools used to obtain quantitative data. In this context, using a metric ruler requires understanding how to align the object with the ruler and read the measurement accurately. Proper technique ensures that measurements are reliable and minimizes errors in data collection.

Estimated Digit

The estimated digit is the last digit in a measurement that is not precisely known and is based on estimation. When using a ruler, the estimated digit is typically one place beyond the smallest division marked on the ruler. This concept is important for conveying the uncertainty inherent in any measurement, reflecting the limitations of the measuring tool.

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What is the specific gravity of the following solution?

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Assume that you are delivering a solution sample from a pipette. Figures (a) and (b) show the volume level before and after dispensing the sample, respectively. State the liquid level (in mL) before and after dispensing the sample, and calculate the volume of the sample.

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Textbook Question

Measure the length of each of the objects in diagrams (a), (b), and (c) using the metric ruler in the figure. Indicate the number of significant figures for each and the estimated digit for each.

a. <IMAGE>

State the temperature on the Celsius thermometer to the correct number of significant figures:

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Multiple Choice

Read the length of the pencil to the correct number of significant figures.

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