Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

18. Amino Acids and Proteins

Amino Acid Classifications

GOB Chemistry

18. Amino Acids and Proteins

Amino Acid Classifications

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4:15 minutes

Problem 3

Textbook Question

Give the three-letter and one-letter abbreviations and identify the functional group in the side chain for each amino acid in Problem 10.1.
a. alanine
b. lysine
c. tryptophan
d. aspartate

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Review the amino acids listed in Problem 10.1. Each amino acid has a unique three-letter abbreviation and one-letter abbreviation. Familiarize yourself with these abbreviations using a standard amino acid chart.

Step 2: For each amino acid, identify the functional group present in its side chain. The side chain is the unique group attached to the alpha carbon that distinguishes one amino acid from another.

Step 3: Classify the functional group in the side chain based on its chemical properties. For example, functional groups can be classified as polar, nonpolar, acidic, or basic.

Step 4: Write down the three-letter abbreviation, one-letter abbreviation, and the name of the functional group for each amino acid. Ensure accuracy by cross-referencing with reliable sources.

Step 5: Organize the information in a clear format, listing each amino acid along with its abbreviations and the identified functional group in the side chain.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Amino Acid Abbreviations

Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. Each amino acid has a unique three-letter abbreviation (e.g., Ala for Alanine) and a one-letter abbreviation (e.g., A for Alanine) used in scientific literature to simplify the representation of protein sequences.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In amino acids, the side chain (R group) can contain various functional groups, such as hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), or amino (-NH2), which influence the amino acid's properties and behavior in proteins.

Side Chains in Amino Acids

The side chain, or R group, of an amino acid determines its unique characteristics and classification. Side chains can be polar, nonpolar, acidic, or basic, affecting the amino acid's role in protein structure and function, as well as its interactions with other molecules in biological systems.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Draw the structure for each of the following amino acids at physiological pH:

a. lysine

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Textbook Question

Classify each of the amino acids in problem 16.5 as polar or nonpolar. If polar, indicate if the R group is neutral, acidic, or basic. Indicate if each is hydrophobic or hydrophilic.

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Textbook Question

Draw the structure for each of the following amino acids and put an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers in your structure:

b. lysine

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Textbook Question

Classify each of the amino acids in Problem 10.1 as polar (neutral, acidic, or basic) or nonpolar and as hydrophobic or hydrophilic.

a. alanine

b. lysine

c. tryptophan

d. aspartate

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Textbook Question

Draw the structure for each of the following amino acids and put an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers in your structure:

c. methionine

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Textbook Question

Classify each amino acid in Problem 10.4 as polar (neutral, acidic, or basic) or nonpolar and as hydrophobic or hydrophilic.

a. leucine

b. glutamate

c. methionine

d. threonine

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Textbook Question

Isoleucine has the zwitterion structure shown. Draw the structure and give the net charge of isoleucine that will predominate at the indicated pH values (pI = 6.0).

b. pH 6.0

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Textbook Question

Glycine has the zwitterion structure shown. Draw the structure and give the net charge of glycine that will predominate at the indicated pH values (pI = 6.0).

b. pH 12.0

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