Textbook Question
How many hydrogen atoms are needed to complete the hydrocarbon formulas for the following carbon backbones?
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12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry
Introduction to Organic Chemistry
Problem 3a
Textbook Question
Identify each of the following properties as more typical of an organic or inorganic compound:
a. is soluble in water
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the distinction between organic and inorganic compounds: Organic compounds primarily contain carbon and hydrogen atoms and are often covalently bonded, while inorganic compounds typically do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds and may include ionic bonds.
Recall the general solubility rule: Ionic compounds (common in inorganic chemistry) tend to dissolve in polar solvents like water due to the interaction between the ions and water molecules. Organic compounds, especially nonpolar ones, are less likely to dissolve in water unless they contain polar functional groups (e.g., -OH, -COOH).
Analyze the property in question: Solubility in water is a characteristic more typical of ionic compounds, which are often inorganic, because water is a polar solvent and can stabilize the ions.
Consider exceptions: Some organic compounds with polar functional groups can also dissolve in water, but this is less common compared to inorganic compounds.
Conclude that the property of being soluble in water is more typical of inorganic compounds, based on the general behavior of ionic substances in polar solvents like water.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Solubility in Water
Solubility in water refers to the ability of a substance to dissolve in water, forming a homogeneous solution. This property is influenced by the molecular structure and polarity of the compound. Generally, polar compounds, which can form hydrogen bonds with water, tend to be more soluble in water compared to non-polar compounds.
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Organic Compounds
Organic compounds are primarily composed of carbon atoms, often in combination with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other elements. They typically exhibit covalent bonding and can form complex structures, including chains and rings. Many organic compounds, such as alcohols and sugars, are soluble in water due to their polar functional groups.
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Inorganic Compounds
Inorganic compounds generally do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds and include a wide range of substances, such as salts, minerals, and metals. Their solubility in water varies significantly; while some inorganic salts (like sodium chloride) are highly soluble, others (like many metal oxides) are not. Understanding the solubility of inorganic compounds often involves examining ionic interactions and lattice energy.
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