Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

The Alkyl Groups

GOB Chemistry

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

The Alkyl Groups

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Problem 14a

Textbook Question

Draw and name alkanes that meet the following descriptions:
a. A 5-carbon alkane with a tertiary carbon atom

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the problem. You are tasked with drawing and naming a 5-carbon alkane that contains a tertiary carbon atom. A tertiary carbon atom is a carbon atom bonded to three other carbon atoms.

Step 2: Start by constructing the main chain of the alkane. Since the molecule has 5 carbons, the parent chain will be pentane (C₅H₁₂).

Step 3: To include a tertiary carbon atom, one of the carbons in the chain must be bonded to three other carbons. This requires branching. Choose one of the middle carbons in the chain (e.g., carbon 2 or carbon 3) to serve as the tertiary carbon.

Step 4: Add a methyl group (-CH₃) as a branch to the chosen middle carbon. This creates a structure where the middle carbon is bonded to three other carbons (two from the main chain and one from the branch).

Step 5: Name the compound according to IUPAC nomenclature. Identify the longest continuous chain of carbons (still 5 carbons, so the parent name is pentane), number the chain to give the branch the lowest possible number, and name the branch as a substituent (e.g., 2-methylpentane or 3-methylpentane, depending on the position of the branch).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Alkanes

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons consisting only of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms, connected by single bonds. They follow the general formula CnH2n+2, where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms. Alkanes are characterized by their relatively low reactivity and are commonly found in natural gas and petroleum.

Tertiary Carbon

A tertiary carbon atom is a carbon atom that is bonded to three other carbon atoms. This structure is significant in organic chemistry as it influences the stability and reactivity of the molecule. In alkanes, the presence of a tertiary carbon can affect the compound's physical properties and its behavior in chemical reactions.

Structural Isomers

Structural isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of atoms. In the case of alkanes, different structural isomers can arise from variations in the branching of the carbon chain. Understanding structural isomers is crucial for identifying and naming alkanes, especially when specific structural features, like tertiary carbons, are required.

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