Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

19. Enzymes

Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

GOB Chemistry

19. Enzymes

Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

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5:32 minutes

Problem 46a

Textbook Question

Refer to the graph in problem 16.45 to determine if the reaction rate in each condition will be at the optimum rate or not.
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a. trypsin, pH 5.0

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the problem: The question asks us to determine if the reaction rate of trypsin at pH 5.0 is at its optimum rate. To do this, we need to refer to the graph mentioned in problem 16.45, which likely shows the relationship between pH and the activity of trypsin.

Recall the concept: Trypsin is an enzyme, and enzymes have an optimal pH at which they function most efficiently. For trypsin, the optimal pH is typically around 7.5 to 8.5, as it is an enzyme that operates in the small intestine, which has a slightly basic environment.

Analyze the given condition: The problem specifies a pH of 5.0. Compare this pH to the optimal pH range of trypsin. Since pH 5.0 is acidic and outside the optimal range, the reaction rate is expected to be lower than the optimum.

Refer to the graph: If the graph in problem 16.45 is available, locate the point corresponding to pH 5.0 and observe the reaction rate. Compare it to the peak reaction rate on the graph to confirm that the rate is not at its optimum.

Conclude: Based on the information about trypsin's optimal pH and the graph, determine that the reaction rate at pH 5.0 is not at the optimum rate because it is outside the enzyme's preferred pH range.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Enzyme Activity

Enzyme activity refers to the rate at which an enzyme catalyzes a reaction. This activity can be influenced by various factors, including substrate concentration, temperature, and pH. Understanding how these factors affect enzyme function is crucial for determining whether a reaction is occurring at its optimum rate.

pH and Enzyme Function

The pH level of a solution can significantly impact enzyme activity. Each enzyme has an optimal pH range where it functions most effectively. For trypsin, which is active in the digestive system, the optimal pH is around 7.5 to 8.5, meaning that a pH of 5.0 may hinder its activity and lead to a suboptimal reaction rate.

Reaction Rate

The reaction rate is the speed at which reactants are converted into products in a chemical reaction. In enzymatic reactions, the rate can be measured by the amount of product formed over time. Factors such as enzyme concentration, substrate availability, and environmental conditions like pH play critical roles in determining whether the reaction rate is at its optimum.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Apple slices and peeled potatoes rapidly brown in open air due to the presence of phenolases. Phenolases cause the oxidation of phenolic molecules like tyrosine to quinones, colored molecules responsible for the brown colors seen. An experiment comparing the time it took for a change to occur in the color of apple slices versus potato slices was done to test for phenolase activity. Then, a second experiment was done with new apple and potato slices with H2O2 measuring time until bubbles appeared.

b. Which sample contains more catalase? Why?

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Textbook Question

Trypsin, a peptidase that hydrolyzes polypeptides, functions in the small intestine at an optimum pH of 7.7 to 8.0. How is the rate of a trypsin-catalyzed reaction affected by each of the following conditions?

b. running the reaction at 75 °C

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Textbook Question

Pepsin, a peptidase that hydrolyzes proteins, functions in the stomach at an optimum pH of 1.5 to 2.0. How is the rate of a pepsin-catalyzed reaction affected by each of the following conditions?

a. changing the pH to 5.0

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Textbook Question

The following graph shows the activity versus pH curves for pepsin, sucrase, and trypsin. Estimate the optimum pH for each.

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Textbook Question

Adults who are lactose intolerant cannot break down the disaccharide in milk products. To help digest dairy food, a product known as Lactaid can be added to milk and the milk then refrigerated for 24 hours.

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b. What might happen to the enzyme if the Lactaid were stored at 55 °C?

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Textbook Question

Fresh pineapple contains the enzyme bromelain that hydrolyzes peptide bonds in proteins.

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a. The directions for a gelatin (protein) dessert say not to add fresh pineapple. However, canned pineapple where pineapple is heated to high temperatures can be added. Why?

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Textbook Question

Fresh pineapple contains the enzyme bromelain that hydrolyzes peptide bonds in proteins.

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b. Fresh pineapple is used in a marinade to tenderize tough meat. Why?

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Textbook Question

Why do enzymes function only under mild conditions?

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