Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

19. Enzymes

Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

GOB Chemistry

19. Enzymes

Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

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3:30 minutes

Problem 45

Textbook Question

The following graph shows the activity versus pH curves for pepsin, sucrase, and trypsin. Estimate the optimum pH for each.
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Verified step by step guidance

Examine the graph provided in the problem. Identify the curves corresponding to pepsin, sucrase, and trypsin. Each curve represents the activity of the enzyme at different pH levels.

Locate the peak of each curve on the graph. The peak represents the point of maximum activity for the enzyme, which corresponds to its optimum pH.

For pepsin, observe the pH value at which its activity is highest. This is the optimum pH for pepsin.

For sucrase, identify the pH value at the peak of its activity curve. This is the optimum pH for sucrase.

For trypsin, determine the pH value at the highest point of its activity curve. This is the optimum pH for trypsin.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Enzyme Activity

Enzyme activity refers to the rate at which an enzyme catalyzes a reaction. It is influenced by various factors, including substrate concentration, temperature, and pH. Understanding how these factors affect enzyme activity is crucial for determining the optimum conditions under which enzymes like pepsin, sucrase, and trypsin function most effectively.

pH and Enzyme Function

pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, which can significantly impact enzyme structure and function. Each enzyme has an optimum pH range where it performs best; deviations from this range can lead to decreased activity or denaturation. For example, pepsin operates optimally in acidic conditions, while trypsin functions best in a more neutral to slightly alkaline environment.

Optimum pH

Optimum pH is the specific pH level at which an enzyme exhibits maximum activity. This value varies among different enzymes due to their unique structures and the environments in which they typically operate. Estimating the optimum pH for enzymes like pepsin, sucrase, and trypsin involves analyzing their activity curves in relation to pH, allowing for a better understanding of their functional conditions.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

How will changing the conditions in an enzymatic reaction affect the rate of that reaction? Explain why in each case.

f. Decreasing the amount of substrate by half

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Textbook Question

Apple slices and peeled potatoes rapidly brown in open air due to the presence of phenolases. Phenolases cause the oxidation of phenolic molecules like tyrosine to quinones, colored molecules responsible for the brown colors seen. An experiment comparing the time it took for a change to occur in the color of apple slices versus potato slices was done to test for phenolase activity. Then, a second experiment was done with new apple and potato slices with H2O2 measuring time until bubbles appeared.

b. Which sample contains more catalase? Why?

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Textbook Question

Trypsin, a peptidase that hydrolyzes polypeptides, functions in the small intestine at an optimum pH of 7.7 to 8.0. How is the rate of a trypsin-catalyzed reaction affected by each of the following conditions?

b. running the reaction at 75 °C

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Textbook Question

Pepsin, a peptidase that hydrolyzes proteins, functions in the stomach at an optimum pH of 1.5 to 2.0. How is the rate of a pepsin-catalyzed reaction affected by each of the following conditions?

a. changing the pH to 5.0

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Textbook Question

Refer to the graph in problem 16.45 to determine if the reaction rate in each condition will be at the optimum rate or not.

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a. trypsin, pH 5.0

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Textbook Question

Adults who are lactose intolerant cannot break down the disaccharide in milk products. To help digest dairy food, a product known as Lactaid can be added to milk and the milk then refrigerated for 24 hours.

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b. What might happen to the enzyme if the Lactaid were stored at 55 °C?

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Textbook Question

Fresh pineapple contains the enzyme bromelain that hydrolyzes peptide bonds in proteins.

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a. The directions for a gelatin (protein) dessert say not to add fresh pineapple. However, canned pineapple where pineapple is heated to high temperatures can be added. Why?

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Textbook Question

Fresh pineapple contains the enzyme bromelain that hydrolyzes peptide bonds in proteins.

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b. Fresh pineapple is used in a marinade to tenderize tough meat. Why?

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