Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

23. Lipids

Steroids

GOB Chemistry

23. Lipids

Steroids

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3:30 minutes

Problem 81a

Textbook Question

Identify the components (1 to 6) contained in each of the following lipids (a to d):
1. glycerol
2. fatty acid
3. phosphate
4. amino alcohol
5. steroid nucleus
6. sphingosine
a. estrogen

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the problem. The task is to identify which components (from the list of 1 to 6) are present in the lipid 'estrogen'. Estrogen is a type of steroid hormone, so we need to focus on its structural components.

Step 2: Recall the structure of estrogen. Estrogen is a steroid, which means it contains a steroid nucleus. A steroid nucleus is a structure composed of four fused rings (three cyclohexane rings and one cyclopentane ring).

Step 3: Analyze the list of components. From the given list, the component that matches the structure of estrogen is '5. steroid nucleus'.

Step 4: Verify the absence of other components. Estrogen does not contain glycerol, fatty acids, phosphate groups, amino alcohols, or sphingosine. These components are typically found in other types of lipids, such as triglycerides, phospholipids, or sphingolipids.

Step 5: Conclude that the only component present in estrogen from the given list is '5. steroid nucleus'.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Lipids

Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic organic molecules that play crucial roles in biological systems. They include fats, oils, phospholipids, and steroids, which are essential for energy storage, cellular structure, and signaling. Understanding the structure and function of different lipids is vital for analyzing their components and roles in biological processes.

Glycerol and Fatty Acids

Glycerol is a three-carbon alcohol that serves as the backbone for triglycerides and phospholipids, while fatty acids are long hydrocarbon chains that can be saturated or unsaturated. Together, they form the basic structure of many lipids, with glycerol linking to fatty acids through ester bonds. This structure is fundamental for understanding how lipids function in membranes and energy storage.

Steroid Structure

Steroids are a class of lipids characterized by a core structure of four fused carbon rings, known as the steroid nucleus. This unique structure allows steroids to function as hormones and signaling molecules in the body. Recognizing the components of steroids, such as functional groups attached to the steroid nucleus, is essential for understanding their biological roles and mechanisms of action.

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