Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

15. Aldehydes and Ketones

Naming Ketones

GOB Chemistry

15. Aldehydes and Ketones

Naming Ketones

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Problem 48

Textbook Question

Aldosterone is a key steroid involved in controlling the sodium–potassium balance in the body. Identify the functional groups in aldosterone.

Verified step by step guidance

Examine the structure of aldosterone provided in the image. Look for characteristic arrangements of atoms that correspond to functional groups commonly found in organic molecules.

Identify any hydroxyl groups (-OH), which are indicative of alcohol functional groups. These are typically attached to a carbon atom.

Look for a carbonyl group (C=O). If the carbonyl group is part of a ring structure, it may indicate a ketone. If it is attached to a hydrogen atom, it would indicate an aldehyde.

Check for any double bonds between carbon atoms (C=C), which would indicate the presence of an alkene functional group.

Identify any other functional groups, such as methyl groups (-CH₃), which are simple alkyl groups, or any other unique features in the molecule that contribute to its chemical properties.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In organic chemistry, they determine the properties and reactivity of compounds. Common functional groups include hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino groups, each influencing the behavior of the molecule in biological systems.

Steroid Structure

Steroids are a class of lipids characterized by a core structure of four fused carbon rings. This unique arrangement allows steroids like aldosterone to interact with specific receptors in the body, influencing various physiological processes, including metabolism and electrolyte balance. Understanding the steroid structure is essential for identifying its functional groups.

Aldosterone Function

Aldosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands that plays a crucial role in regulating sodium and potassium levels in the body. It promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys, which helps maintain blood pressure and fluid balance. Recognizing its function aids in understanding the significance of its chemical structure and functional groups.

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Give the IUPAC name for each of the following:

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Textbook Question

Compound X is a secondary alcohol whose formula is C₃H₈O. When compound X is heated with strong acid, it dehydrates to form compound Y (C₃H₆). When compound X is oxidized, compound Z (C₃H₆O) forms, which cannot be oxidized further. Draw the condensed structural formulas and give the IUPAC names for compounds X, Y, and Z.