Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

10. Acids and Bases

Arrhenius Acid and Base

GOB Chemistry

10. Acids and Bases

Arrhenius Acid and Base

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2:12 minutes

Problem 76

Textbook Question

Write equations to show how the substances listed in Problem 3.75 give ions when dissolved in water.
a. H₂CO₃
b. HCN
c. Mg(OH)₂
d. KOH

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the substances listed in Problem 3.75. These are likely ionic compounds or acids that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. For example, common substances might include NaCl, HCl, or Ca(OH)₂.

For each substance, determine whether it is an ionic compound, a strong acid, or a strong base. Ionic compounds dissociate into their respective cations and anions, while strong acids and bases ionize completely in water.

Write the dissociation equation for each substance. For example, for NaCl, the equation would be:

NaCl (aq) \to Na^+ (aq) + Cl^- (aq)

For polyatomic ions or acids, ensure you correctly represent the dissociation. For example, for H₂SO₄, the first dissociation step is:

H_{2} SO 4_{2} (aq) \to H^+ (aq) + HSO 4_{1}^- (aq)

Repeat this process for all substances listed in Problem 3.75, ensuring that the charges on the ions are balanced and the states of matter (e.g., (aq) for aqueous) are included in the equations.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Dissociation of Ionic Compounds

Dissociation refers to the process by which ionic compounds separate into their constituent ions when dissolved in water. For example, sodium chloride (NaCl) dissociates into Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions. This process is crucial for understanding how substances behave in aqueous solutions and is fundamental in predicting the resulting ions from various compounds.

Solubility Rules

Solubility rules are guidelines that help predict whether a given ionic compound will dissolve in water. These rules indicate which ions are generally soluble or insoluble in water, aiding in the identification of the ions produced when a substance dissolves. Understanding these rules is essential for determining the behavior of different compounds in aqueous solutions.

Chemical Equations

Chemical equations represent the transformation of reactants into products, illustrating the dissociation of compounds in water. They provide a concise way to show the ions formed during dissolution, such as writing NaCl(s) → Na⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq). Mastery of writing and balancing these equations is vital for accurately conveying chemical reactions and understanding the resulting ionic species.

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