Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

2. Atoms and the Periodic Table

Lewis Dot Symbols (Simplified)

GOB Chemistry

2. Atoms and the Periodic Table

Lewis Dot Symbols (Simplified)

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0:42 minutes

Problem 55e

Textbook Question

Write the group number and draw the Lewis symbol for each of the following elements:
e. gallium

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Determine the group number of gallium by locating it on the periodic table. Gallium is in Group 13 (or IIIA in older notation), which means it has 3 valence electrons.

Understand that the Lewis symbol represents the valence electrons of an atom as dots around the chemical symbol. Gallium has 3 valence electrons because it is in Group 13.

Write the chemical symbol for gallium, which is 'Ga'. This will serve as the central part of the Lewis symbol.

Place three dots around the 'Ga' symbol to represent the 3 valence electrons. Distribute the dots around the symbol, starting with one dot on each side before pairing them, if necessary.

Ensure the Lewis symbol is complete and correctly represents gallium's valence electrons. The final representation should show 'Ga' with three dots around it, indicating its valence electrons.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Lewis Symbols

Lewis symbols, also known as Lewis dot diagrams, represent the valence electrons of an atom as dots surrounding the element's symbol. This visual representation helps in understanding how atoms bond with each other, as it shows the number of electrons available for bonding. For example, the Lewis symbol for gallium (Ga) would depict its three valence electrons, which are crucial for its chemical behavior.

Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom and are key to determining how an element interacts chemically with others. The number of valence electrons influences an element's reactivity, bonding capacity, and overall chemical properties. Gallium, with its three valence electrons, typically forms bonds by sharing or losing these electrons in chemical reactions.

Group Number

The group number in the periodic table indicates the column in which an element is found and reflects the number of valence electrons in its atoms. Elements in the same group often exhibit similar chemical properties due to their comparable electron configurations. Gallium is located in Group 13, which signifies that it has three valence electrons and shares characteristics with other elements in that group, such as aluminum.

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Textbook Question

Consider an ion with the symbol Y^3- formed from a representative element.

b. What is the Lewis symbol of the element?

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Multiple Choice

Draw the Lewis Dot symbol for the following element:Sr

Draw the Lewis Dot symbol for the following element:Pb

Draw the electron-dot symbol for the following element:Rn

Write the group number and draw the Lewis symbol for each of the following elements:

c. calcium

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Textbook Question

An unidentified element is found to have an electron configuration by shell of 2 8 18 8 2. To what group and period does this element belong? Is the element a metal or a nonmetal? How many protons does an atom of the element have? What is the name of the element? Write its electron-dot symbol.

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Textbook Question

Consider the following Lewis symbols for elements X and Y:

c. What ions would be formed by X and Y?

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Textbook Question

Consider an ion with the symbol X²⁺ formed from a representative element.

b. What is the Lewis symbol of the element?

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