Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Benzene Reactions

GOB Chemistry

13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Benzene Reactions

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Problem 72

Textbook Question

Assume that you have two unlabeled bottles, one with cyclohexane and one with cyclohexene. How could you tell them apart by carrying out chemical reactions?

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the chemical difference between cyclohexane and cyclohexene. Cyclohexane is a saturated hydrocarbon (an alkane), while cyclohexene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon (an alkene) containing a double bond. This double bond in cyclohexene makes it chemically reactive in ways that cyclohexane is not.

Step 2: Use a bromine test to distinguish between the two. Bromine (

{Br}_{2}

) reacts with alkenes but not with alkanes. Add a small amount of bromine solution (reddish-brown in color) to each bottle. If the solution becomes colorless, it indicates the presence of an alkene (cyclohexene). If the color remains, it indicates the presence of an alkane (cyclohexane).

Step 3: Perform a potassium permanganate test (Baeyer's test). Potassium permanganate (

{KMnO}_{4}

) reacts with alkenes to form a diol, resulting in the decolorization of the purple solution and the formation of a brown precipitate (manganese dioxide). Add a dilute solution of potassium permanganate to each bottle. If the purple color disappears and a brown precipitate forms, it indicates the presence of an alkene (cyclohexene). If no reaction occurs, it indicates the presence of an alkane (cyclohexane).

Step 4: Confirm the results by repeating the tests if necessary. Ensure that the observations are consistent for each bottle to accurately identify which one contains cyclohexane and which one contains cyclohexene.

Step 5: Label the bottles based on the results of the tests. The bottle that reacts with bromine and potassium permanganate contains cyclohexene, while the bottle that does not react contains cyclohexane.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Cyclohexane vs. Cyclohexene

Cyclohexane is a saturated hydrocarbon (alkane) with the formula C6H12, while cyclohexene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon (alkene) with the formula C6H10. The key difference lies in the presence of a double bond in cyclohexene, which makes it more reactive than cyclohexane. Understanding these structural differences is crucial for identifying the compounds through chemical reactions.

Electrophilic Addition Reactions

Cyclohexene can undergo electrophilic addition reactions due to its double bond, allowing it to react with reagents like bromine or hydrogen halides. In contrast, cyclohexane, being saturated, does not participate in such reactions. By adding bromine water, for example, cyclohexene will decolorize the solution, while cyclohexane will not show any change, providing a clear method for differentiation.

Oxidation Reactions

Cyclohexene can be oxidized to form diols or other products, while cyclohexane is relatively inert to oxidation under mild conditions. A common test involves using potassium permanganate (KMnO4), which will oxidize cyclohexene, resulting in a color change from purple to brown due to the formation of manganese dioxide. This reaction can serve as a distinguishing test between the two compounds.

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