Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur

Naming Ethers

GOB Chemistry

14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur

Naming Ethers

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Problem 38

Textbook Question

Arrange the following 6-carbon compounds in order of their expected boiling points, and explain your ranking:
a. Hexane
b. 1-Hexanol
c. Dipropyl ether (CH₃CH₂CH₂—O—CH₂CH₂CH₃)

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the factors affecting boiling points. Boiling points are influenced by intermolecular forces, such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonding. Stronger intermolecular forces result in higher boiling points.

Step 2: Analyze the structure of hexane (C₆H₁₄). Hexane is a nonpolar molecule with only London dispersion forces acting between its molecules. These forces are relatively weak compared to other types of intermolecular forces.

Step 3: Analyze the structure of 1-hexanol (C₆H₁₃OH). 1-Hexanol contains a hydroxyl group (-OH), which allows for hydrogen bonding between its molecules. Hydrogen bonding is a strong intermolecular force, so 1-hexanol is expected to have a higher boiling point than hexane.

Step 4: Analyze the structure of dipropyl ether (CH₃CH₂CH₂—O—CH₂CH₂CH₃). Dipropyl ether contains an oxygen atom, which creates a polar bond and allows for dipole-dipole interactions. However, it does not have hydrogen bonding because there are no hydrogen atoms directly bonded to the oxygen. Its boiling point is expected to be higher than hexane but lower than 1-hexanol.

Step 5: Rank the compounds based on their boiling points. Considering the strength of intermolecular forces: 1-hexanol (hydrogen bonding) > dipropyl ether (dipole-dipole interactions) > hexane (London dispersion forces).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Boiling Point

The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which its vapor pressure equals the external pressure, causing it to change from liquid to gas. Factors influencing boiling points include molecular weight, intermolecular forces, and molecular structure. Generally, stronger intermolecular forces lead to higher boiling points.

Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion between molecules. The main types include hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces. Compounds with hydrogen bonding, like alcohols, typically have higher boiling points than those with only weaker forces, such as ethers or hydrocarbons.

Molecular Structure

Molecular structure refers to the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, which affects its physical properties. For example, the presence of functional groups, such as hydroxyl (-OH) in alcohols, can significantly alter boiling points compared to hydrocarbons. The branching of carbon chains also influences boiling points, with more branched structures generally having lower boiling points.