Explosives used in mining contain TNT, or trinitrotoluene. <IMAGE> a. If the functional group nitro is ―NO 2 draw the line-angle formula for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, one isomer of TNT.

All right. Hi, everyone. So this question says that xylene used in the chemical industry is a derivative of benzene with two methyl groups or ch three as substituents. What is the line angle structure of paraxylene and isomer of xylene? And here we have four different enter choices labeled A through D. Now, just for the record recall that a line angle formula of an organic compound is a representation of that organic compound in which carbon atoms are not explicitly drawn, rather any carbon atoms and all hydrogen atoms attached to them are implied by corners and open ends in a line angle structure. So a benzene ring, for example, is depicted as a hexagon with three alternating double bonds. Now, with this in mind, the second thing I want to point out here is the fact that Xylene is an example of a die substituted benzene ring because we have a benzene ring with exactly two substituents attached to it. And the reason why I want to bring up the fact that it is a dye substituted benzene ring is because we have to recall that there is a special naming convention or dye substituted benzene rings So using the pente ring that I drew earlier, let's say that I have two substituents A and B. Now, for our purposes, let's say that substituent A is attached to carbon one of the benzene ring. If substituent B is on carbon two of the ring, then that is Ortho if substituent B is on carbon three, that's me. And if substituent B is on carbon four of the benzene ring, then that is per. So with this in mind, we can understand the structure of paraxylene. Now, the name paraxylene lets us know that the methyl groups are going to be on opposite carbons on the benzene ring. In other words, we have two metal groups attached to carbons, one and four of the ring itself. And this corresponds to option C in the multiple choice and there you have it. So here is our final answer. So with that being said, thank you so very much for watching and I hope you found this helpful.

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13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Naming Benzene

GOB Chemistry

13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Naming Benzene

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Problem 73a

Textbook Question

Explosives used in mining contain TNT, or trinitrotoluene.
<IMAGE>
a. If the functional group nitro is ―NO₂ draw the line-angle formula for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, one isomer of TNT.

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the structure of TNT: TNT stands for trinitrotoluene, which is a benzene ring with a methyl group (―CH₃) and three nitro groups (―NO₂) attached to it. The nitro groups are located at positions 2, 4, and 6 on the benzene ring relative to the methyl group.

Recall the line-angle formula: In a line-angle formula, each vertex represents a carbon atom, and hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are implied but not shown explicitly. Functional groups like ―CH₃ and ―NO₂ are drawn explicitly.

Start with the benzene ring: Draw a hexagon to represent the benzene ring. Each corner of the hexagon represents a carbon atom.

Add the methyl group: Attach a ―CH₃ group to one of the carbons on the benzene ring. This is the toluene part of the molecule.

Add the nitro groups: Attach three ―NO₂ groups to the benzene ring at positions 2, 4, and 6 relative to the methyl group. These positions are opposite and symmetrical around the ring.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Line-Angle Formula

The line-angle formula, also known as the skeletal formula, is a simplified way of representing organic molecules. In this representation, vertices and ends of lines represent carbon atoms, while other atoms, such as hydrogen, are often omitted for clarity. This method allows chemists to visualize the structure of complex molecules quickly and efficiently, focusing on functional groups and connectivity.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. The nitro group (―NO₂) is a common functional group in organic chemistry, known for its role in explosives and pharmaceuticals. Understanding functional groups is essential for predicting the behavior and reactivity of organic compounds.

Isomers

Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements of atoms. In the case of trinitrotoluene (TNT), isomers can differ in the position of the nitro groups on the benzene ring. Recognizing isomers is crucial in chemistry as they can exhibit vastly different physical and chemical properties despite having the same composition.

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