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Multiple Choice
Determine if phosphorus trihydride, PH3, is polar or nonpolar.
A
polar
B
nonpolar
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1
Identify the molecular geometry of phosphorus trihydride (PH3). PH3 has a central phosphorus atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, forming a trigonal pyramidal shape due to the presence of a lone pair on the phosphorus atom.
Consider the electronegativity of the atoms involved. Phosphorus and hydrogen have different electronegativities, with phosphorus being more electronegative than hydrogen.
Evaluate the symmetry of the molecule. The trigonal pyramidal shape is not symmetrical because of the lone pair on the phosphorus atom, which causes a distortion in the shape.
Assess the distribution of charge. The difference in electronegativity between phosphorus and hydrogen leads to a partial negative charge on the phosphorus and a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms.
Conclude the polarity of the molecule. Due to the asymmetrical shape and uneven charge distribution, PH3 is a polar molecule.