Name and describe the three states of matter.

Solids are characterized by their definite shape and volume. The particles in a solid are closely packed together in a fixed arrangement, which allows them to maintain their shape. This close packing results in strong intermolecular forces, making solids incompressible and rigid. Examples include ice, wood, and metals.

Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container. The particles in a liquid are less tightly packed than in solids, allowing them to move past one another, which gives liquids the ability to flow. This state of matter has moderate intermolecular forces, making liquids incompressible but not rigid. Examples include water, oil, and alcohol.

Gases have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume, expanding to fill their container. The particles in a gas are far apart and move freely, resulting in weak intermolecular forces. This state of matter is highly compressible and can occupy a larger volume when pressure is reduced. Examples include oxygen, carbon dioxide, and helium.