Which of the following best differentiates valence electrons from inner core electrons?

Valence electrons are protons, while inner core electrons are neutrons.

Valence electrons are in the innermost shell and participate in bonding, while inner core electrons are in outer shells and do not participate in bonding.

Valence electrons are in the outermost shell and participate in bonding, while inner core electrons are in inner shells and do not participate in bonding.

Valence electrons are neutrons, while inner core electrons are protons.