Multiple Choice
Which type of hypersensitivity involves the production of naturally forming, M class antibodies that trigger immune reactions to foreign cells?
27. Immunological Disorders
Reviewing the 4 Types of Hypersensitivities
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Which of the following statements about the four types of hypersensitivity is true?
A
They all involve activation of the complement system.
B
In most cases they occur upon second exposure to an antigen (after sensitization upon first exposure).
C
They are all caused by foreign antigens only.
D
Hypersensitivities increase in severity from type I up to type IV.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the four types of hypersensitivity reactions: Type I (immediate, IgE-mediated), Type II (antibody-mediated cytotoxic), Type III (immune complex-mediated), and Type IV (delayed-type, T-cell mediated).
Step 2: Recognize that hypersensitivity reactions typically require a prior sensitization phase where the immune system is first exposed to the antigen and becomes primed to respond more vigorously upon subsequent exposures.
Step 3: Analyze the role of the complement system in hypersensitivity: while complement activation is involved in some types (like Type II and III), it is not universally activated in all four types.
Step 4: Consider the nature of antigens involved: hypersensitivity reactions can be triggered by both foreign antigens and self-antigens (autoantigens), so the statement that they are all caused by foreign antigens is incorrect.
Step 5: Evaluate the severity progression: hypersensitivity types do not necessarily increase in severity from Type I to Type IV; each type has distinct mechanisms and clinical manifestations without a strict severity hierarchy.
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