Textbook Question
A deficiency of both B cells and T cells is most likely a(n):
a. Secondary immunodeficiency
b. Complex immunodeficiency
c. Acquired immunodeficiency
d. Primary immunodeficiency
e. Induced immunodeficiency
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20. Adaptive Immunity
Introduction to Adaptive Immunity
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Which of the following statements about the actions of antibodies in the immune response is correct?
A
Antibodies function exclusively inside the nucleus of infected cells.
B
Antibodies neutralize pathogens by binding to their surface antigens, preventing them from infecting host cells.
C
Antibodies are only produced during innate immune responses.
D
Antibodies directly destroy pathogens by phagocytosis.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the role of antibodies in the immune system. Antibodies are proteins produced by B cells that specifically recognize and bind to antigens on pathogens.
Step 2: Recall that antibodies primarily function outside of cells, in bodily fluids, by binding to antigens on the surface of pathogens to neutralize them or mark them for destruction.
Step 3: Evaluate the statement about antibodies functioning exclusively inside the nucleus of infected cells. This is incorrect because antibodies do not enter the nucleus; their action is extracellular.
Step 4: Consider the statement that antibodies are only produced during innate immune responses. This is incorrect because antibody production is a hallmark of the adaptive immune response, not innate immunity.
Step 5: Analyze the statement that antibodies directly destroy pathogens by phagocytosis. Antibodies do not perform phagocytosis themselves; instead, they opsonize pathogens to enhance phagocytosis by immune cells.
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