Which of the following pathogens would hyperbaric oxygen therapy, a treatment that increases the level of dissolved oxygen in tissues, most likely ward off? Select all that apply.
a. Anaerobic thermophile
b. Anaerobic mesophile
c. Facultative anaerobic thermophile
d. Facultative anaerobic mesophile
e. Microaerophilic mesophile

The term 12D treatment refers to

a. Heat treatment sufficient to kill 12 bacteria.

b. The use of 12 different treatments to preserve food.

c. A 10¹² reduction in C. botulinum endospores.

d. Any process that destroys thermophilic bacteria.

Which type of radiation is used to preserve foods?

a. Ionizing

b. Nonionizing

c. Radiowaves

d. Microwaves

e. All of the above

Why is a can of blackberries preserved by commercial sterilization typically heated to 100°C instead of at least 116°C?

Foods packed in plastic for microwaving are

a. Dehydrated.

b. Freeze-dried.

c. Packaged aseptically.

d. Commercially sterilized.

e. Autoclaved.

While hiking, Huda wants to ensure that the river water is clean enough to drink and will not cause any intestinal infections. How could she treat water from a stream so that it is safe to drink?

Lyophilization can be described as:

a. Freeze-drying

b. Deep-freezing

c. Refrigeration

d. Pickling

A sample of E. coli has been subjected to heat for a specified time, and 90% of the cells have been destroyed. Which of the following terms best describes this event?

a. Thermal death point

b. Thermal death time

c. Decimal reduction time

d. None of the above

The endospores of which organism can be used as a biological indicator of sterilization?

a. Bacillus stearothermophilus

b. Salmonella enterica

c. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

d. Staphylococcus aureus