Which type of radiation is used to preserve foods?
a. Ionizing
b. Nonionizing
c. Radiowaves
d. Microwaves
e. All of the above

Which of the following does not kill endospores?

a. Autoclaving

b. Incineration

c. Hot-air sterilization

d. Pasteurization

e. All of the above kill endospores

Which of the following cannot be used to sterilize a heat-labile solution stored in a plastic container?

a. Gamma radiation

b. Ethylene oxide

c. Supercritical fluids

d. Autoclaving

e. Short-wavelength radiation

Which of the following is most likely to be bactericidal?

a. Membrane filtration

b. Ionizing radiation

c. Lyophilization (freeze-drying)

d. Deep-freezing

e. All of the above

The term 12D treatment refers to

a. Heat treatment sufficient to kill 12 bacteria.

b. The use of 12 different treatments to preserve food.

c. A 10¹² reduction in C. botulinum endospores.

d. Any process that destroys thermophilic bacteria.

Why is a can of blackberries preserved by commercial sterilization typically heated to 100°C instead of at least 116°C?

Foods packed in plastic for microwaving are

a. Dehydrated.

b. Freeze-dried.

c. Packaged aseptically.

d. Commercially sterilized.

e. Autoclaved.

Which of the following pathogens would hyperbaric oxygen therapy, a treatment that increases the level of dissolved oxygen in tissues, most likely ward off? Select all that apply.

a. Anaerobic thermophile

b. Anaerobic mesophile

c. Facultative anaerobic thermophile

d. Facultative anaerobic mesophile

e. Microaerophilic mesophile

While hiking, Huda wants to ensure that the river water is clean enough to drink and will not cause any intestinal infections. How could she treat water from a stream so that it is safe to drink?