Textbook Question
Match the following terms to their definition. Some terms may be matched to more than one definition and some definitions may not be used.
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21. Principles of Disease
Characteristics of Infectious Disease
1:57 minutesProblem 9
Textbook Question
How is Lassa different from Ebola and Marburg, aside from being caused by a different virus?
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the causative agents. Lassa fever is caused by the Lassa virus, which belongs to the Arenaviridae family, whereas Ebola and Marburg viruses belong to the Filoviridae family. This difference in virus family influences their structure and replication.
Step 2: Examine the geographic distribution. Lassa fever is primarily found in West Africa, while Ebola and Marburg outbreaks have mostly occurred in Central and East Africa. This affects the epidemiology and risk areas for each disease.
Step 3: Consider the natural reservoirs. Lassa virus is primarily carried by the multimammate rat (Mastomys species), which transmits the virus to humans through contact with urine or feces. In contrast, Ebola and Marburg viruses are believed to be maintained in fruit bats, with transmission to humans occurring through contact with infected animals or bodily fluids.
Step 4: Compare modes of transmission. While all three viruses can be transmitted via contact with infected bodily fluids, Lassa virus transmission often involves exposure to rodent excreta, making it more associated with environmental exposure, whereas Ebola and Marburg transmission is more commonly linked to direct human-to-human contact during outbreaks.
Step 5: Review clinical presentation and severity. Although symptoms overlap (fever, hemorrhagic manifestations), Lassa fever generally has a lower fatality rate compared to Ebola and Marburg, and the clinical course can be more variable, with many cases being mild or asymptomatic.
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1mKey Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Virus Family and Classification
Lassa virus belongs to the Arenaviridae family, while Ebola and Marburg viruses are part of the Filoviridae family. This classification affects their structure, genome organization, and replication mechanisms, influencing disease characteristics and transmission.
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Transmission and Reservoir Hosts
Lassa virus is primarily transmitted through contact with urine or feces of infected rodents (Mastomys rats), whereas Ebola and Marburg viruses are transmitted via direct contact with bodily fluids of infected humans or primates. This difference impacts outbreak patterns and control measures.
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Clinical Presentation and Disease Severity
Lassa fever often causes a milder illness with a lower fatality rate compared to the typically severe hemorrhagic fevers caused by Ebola and Marburg viruses. Symptoms and case fatality rates vary, influencing diagnosis, treatment, and public health responses.
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