Design a perioperative infection prevention bundle for elective surgeries that synthesizes microbiology concepts (normal flora, portals of entry, opportunistic pathogens, and disinfectant resistance). Which bundle best addresses these concepts comprehensively?

Provide post-op antibiotics to all patients for two weeks regardless of risk, permit unrestricted OR access to family members, avoid skin antisepsis to prevent skin irritation, and reuse single-use devices to save costs.

Preoperative skin antisepsis with chlorhexidine, targeted nasal decolonization for known carriers (e.g., mupirocin for MRSA), perioperative prophylactic antibiotics timed appropriately, strict sterile technique in the OR, minimization of operating room traffic, and proper reprocessing or use of single-use instruments to reduce device-associated biofilms and disinfectant-tolerant contaminants.

Delay all elective surgeries indefinitely for any patient colonized with normal skin flora, on the assumption that colonization cannot be mitigated or managed safely in a surgical population.

Allow surgery without perioperative antibiotics, rely solely on environmental cleaning once per day, and require no preoperative screening or decolonization for known carriers because operating rooms are sterile by default.