21. Principles of Disease

Which of the following would be considered a sign of a disease or infection?

Diseases or infections that can be transmitted from one individuals to another are categorized as what types of diseases?

Which of the following illnesses is an example of a noncommunicable disease?

Determine if the diseases below are communicable or noncommunicable diseases.

A. Communicable Disease. B.  Noncommunicable Disease.
_____ 1) Lung Cancer.            _____ 3) HIV.                         _____  5) Diabetes.
_____ 2) Measles.                   _____ 4) Stroke.                    _____ 6) Covid-19.

Pathogens that are very virulent are more likely to cause disease than pathogens that are less virulent (Virulence:the ability of a pathogen to cause and infection/disease). The infectious dose for Virus X is must lower than the infectious dose of Virus Y. Which virus is more virulent?

Differentiate the terms in each of the following pairs:

a. Etiology and pathogenesis

b. Infection and disease

c. Communicable disease and noncommunicable disease

Among hospital patients who have infections, one-third did not enter the hospital with the infection but rather acquired it in the hospital. How do they acquire these infections? What is the method of transmission of these infections? What is the reservoir of infection?

The emergence of new infectious diseases is probably due to all of the following except:

a. The need of bacteria to cause disease

b. The ability of humans to travel by air

c. Changing environments (e.g., flood, drought, pollution)

d. A pathogen crossing the species barrier

e. The increasing human population