Q: Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the central dogma of molecular biology?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the semiconservative model of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Each daughter DNA molecule consists of one parental and one newly synthesized strand.

Question 2

During DNA replication in bacteria, which enzyme is primarily responsible for synthesizing the new DNA strand and proofreading for errors?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase III

Question 3

A mutation changes the codon UAU (tyrosine) to UAA. What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the lac operon is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The lac operon is induced when lactose is present and glucose is absent.

Question 5

Which process involves the transfer of 'naked' DNA from one bacterium to another?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 6

What is the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the mRNA codon.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the enzyme DNA ligase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand

Question 8

A frameshift mutation is most likely to result from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Insertion or deletion of one base

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the genetic code is described as 'redundant'?

Accepted Answer

Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.

Question 10

In the trp operon, what happens when tryptophan levels are high?

Accepted Answer

Tryptophan binds to the repressor, activating it and turning the operon off.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the CAP-cAMP complex in the regulation of the lac operon?

Accepted Answer

It enhances RNA polymerase binding to the promoter when glucose is low.

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-world application of the Ames test?

Accepted Answer

Screening chemicals for potential carcinogenicity

Question 14

Which of the following statements about bacterial conjugation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It involves direct cell-to-cell contact and transfer of plasmid DNA.

Question 15

A bacterial cell is exposed to UV light, resulting in the formation of thymine dimers. Which enzyme can directly repair this damage using visible light?

Accepted Answer

Photolyase

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a component of a bacterial operon?

Accepted Answer

Enhancer

Question 17

Which of the following best describes generalized transduction?

Accepted Answer

Transfer of any bacterial gene by a bacteriophage during the lytic cycle

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of a missense mutation?

Accepted Answer

A different amino acid is incorporated into the protein.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the directionality of nucleic acid synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Both DNA and RNA polymerases synthesize in the 5' to 3' direction.

Microbial Genetics: Structure, Function, and Regulation of Genetic Material

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