$$\text{dNTPs} \rightarrow \text{DNA} + \text{PP}_i$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the semiconservative model of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one daughter strand.

Question 2

In prokaryotic cells, where is the main chromosome typically located?

Accepted Answer

In the nucleoid region of the cytoplasm

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of DNA methylation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Direct synthesis of polypeptides

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the direction of DNA polymerization?

Accepted Answer

$$5' \rightarrow 3'$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about plasmids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Plasmids replicate independently of the chromosome.

Question 6

During transcription in prokaryotes, what is the role of the sigma factor?

Accepted Answer

It enhances promoter recognition by RNA polymerase.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in gene expression according to the central dogma?

Accepted Answer

DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow Protein

Question 8

Which of the following types of mutation is most likely to result in a truncated, nonfunctional protein?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 9

Which equation best represents the energy source for DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{dNTPs} ightarrow 	ext{DNA} + 	ext{PP}_i$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes have thousands of replication origins.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA transcribed from DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase RNA

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes during translation?

Accepted Answer

They use genetic information in mRNA to synthesize polypeptides.

Question 13

Which codon is used as the start signal for translation in most organisms?

Accepted Answer

$$AUG$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the operator in a prokaryotic operon?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a regulatory element controlling gene expression.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the lac operon is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is an inducible operon activated by lactose and CAP.

Question 16

Which of the following regulatory RNAs binds complementary mRNA and inhibits its translation?

Accepted Answer

microRNA (miRNA)

Question 17

Which of the following is a frameshift mutation?

Accepted Answer

Insertion or deletion of one or a few nucleotide pairs

Question 18

Which DNA repair mechanism is induced as a last resort when DNA damage is extensive?

Accepted Answer

Error-prone repair (SOS response)

Question 19

Which of the following is required for bacterial conjugation?

Accepted Answer

Cell-to-cell contact and an F plasmid

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a transposon?

Accepted Answer

A segment of DNA that moves from one location to another, causing frameshift insertions

Microbial Genetics: Structure, Replication, and Expression of Genomes CH-7

Study Guide - Practice Questions