Question 1

The laboratory synthesis of urea disproved which scientific concept regarding organic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Organic chemicals could come only from living organisms.

Question 2

Which two domains include prokaryotic organisms?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria and archaea

Question 3

A eukaryotic cell typically ranges in size between:

Accepted Answer

10–100 \mu	ext{m}

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a universal characteristic of all living things?

Accepted Answer

Movement

Question 5

Which process is unique to eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 6

A prokaryotic cell surrounded by a gelatinous, sticky substance is most likely to possess which structure?

Accepted Answer

Glycocalyx

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a component of bacterial flagella?

Accepted Answer

Fimbria

Question 8

During bacterial conjugation, which structure is used to transfer DNA between cells?

Accepted Answer

Pili

Question 9

What is the primary function of the bacterial cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Protection from osmotic forces

Question 10

Proteinaceous filaments called hami, which resemble barbed wire, are found in which group of organisms?

Accepted Answer

Hami

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the cytoplasmic membrane?

Accepted Answer

Controlling the passage of substances into and out of the cell

Question 12

Which statement about selectively permeable membranes is correct?

Accepted Answer

It can maintain a concentration gradient.

Question 13

Endospores are formed by some bacteria in response to which environmental condition?

Accepted Answer

Harsh environmental conditions, such as limited nutrients

Question 14

Inclusions in prokaryotic cells may be deposits of which substances?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 15

A bacterial cell with a cytoplasmic solute concentration of $$0.85\%$$ NaCl is placed in a solution with $$0.2\%$$ NaCl. What type of solution is this?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 16

Which component is found in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan

Question 17

Which cell wall structure has the thickest peptidoglycan layer?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria

Question 18

Which statement about lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is also called endotoxin.

Question 19

Lysozyme in human tears degrades peptidoglycan. Which organisms are MOST sensitive to lysozyme?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria

Question 20

Mycoplasma lack cell walls entirely. What characteristic would you expect for these bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Sensitivity to osmotic lysis

Microbiology Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function – Guided Study Notes

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