Q: Which of the following is the correct way to write the scientific name for the bacterium that causes tuberculosis?

$$\textit{Mycobacterium tuberculosis}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is the correct way to write the scientific name for the bacterium that causes tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

$$	extit{Mycobacterium tuberculosis}$$

Question 2

A patient in the hospital develops a severe reaction after being treated for a gram-negative bacterial infection. The patient's condition worsens after antibiotics are administered. What is the most likely explanation for this reaction?

Accepted Answer

The antibiotics lysed the bacteria, releasing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxins into the bloodstream.

Question 3

Which bacterial structure is primarily responsible for chemotaxis?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 4

During endospore formation in Bacillus species, the process involves:

Accepted Answer

Asymmetric cell division, differentiation, and sporulation

Question 5

Which of the following is a required structural component of a biofilm matrix?

Accepted Answer

Exopolysaccharides

Question 6

A bacterium with a cell wall rich in mycolic acids would be best identified using which staining method?

Accepted Answer

Acid-fast stain

Question 7

Which of the following statements about Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is correct?

Accepted Answer

Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Question 8

After Gram staining, what color do Gram-positive cells appear under the microscope?

Accepted Answer

Purple

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why heterocysts in cyanobacteria specialize in nitrogen fixation?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogenase is inactivated by oxygen, so heterocysts create an anaerobic environment.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about endospores is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Endospores are a dormant form that allows bacteria to survive harsh conditions.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It follows the fluid mosaic model and is dynamic.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of pili in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to surfaces and conjugation

Question 13

Which of the following statements about DNA replication in bacteria is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is bidirectional, similar to eukaryotes.

Question 14

A culture of bacteria has an initial population of $$1 	imes 10^7$ cells. If the generation time is 2 hours and the culture is incubated for 6 hours, how many cells will there be at the end? (Assume no cell death.)

Accepted Answer

$$8 	imes 10^7$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of exopolysaccharides in biofilm formation?

Accepted Answer

They form the matrix that holds cells together in the biofilm.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a step in Koch's postulates for proving the germ theory of disease?

Accepted Answer

The suspected pathogen must be able to sporulate in the host.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated phospholipids, especially cis-unsaturated, increase membrane fluidity due to kinks in their tails.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the domains of life is correct?

Accepted Answer

Archaea and bacteria are both prokaryotic and do not belong to the domain Eukarya.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of PTS (phosphotransferase system) sugar transport in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

It phosphorylates sugars as they enter the cell, using energy from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), effectively maintaining the concentration gradient.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the bacterial growth curve (number of cells vs. time in batch culture) is correct?

Accepted Answer

The lag phase is when cells are adapting to new conditions and not dividing rapidly.

Microbiology Exam Review: Cell Structure, Staining, Growth, and Metabolism

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