Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic chromosomes are circular and found in the nucleoid region, while eukaryotic chromosomes are linear and found in the nucleus.

Question 2

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing short RNA primers during DNA replication in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Primase

Question 3

What is the main function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

Bringing the correct amino acid to the ribosome to build proteins

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why viruses are not considered alive?

Accepted Answer

They cannot reproduce or carry out metabolism independently

Question 5

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand?

Accepted Answer

Ligase

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct description of the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The overall three-dimensional folding of a single polypeptide chain

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a step in the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage?

Accepted Answer

Integration of viral DNA into the host genome

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the directionality of DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

DNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction

Question 9

A mutation that results in a premature stop codon is best described as which type of mutation?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 10

Which of the following processes involves the uptake of naked DNA from the environment by a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is universal and redundant

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between acute and latent viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Latent infections involve periods of dormancy with possible reactivation

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the process of translation in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Translation can begin before transcription is finished

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of histone-like proteins in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

They help package DNA in the nucleoid region

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A bacterium acquiring antibiotic resistance through conjugation

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why Okazaki fragments are formed during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the viral envelope?

Accepted Answer

Helping the virus attach and enter host cells

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the lysogenic cycle of a bacteriophage?

Accepted Answer

The phage DNA integrates into the host genome and is replicated with the host cell

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a DNA base with its complementary base?

Accepted Answer

Adenine with thymine

MMBS111 Unit 2 Study Guide: Biochemistry, Genetics, and Viruses in Microbiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions