Q: Which of the following equations correctly calculates the incidence rate of a disease in a population?

Incidence rate $$= \frac{\text{Number of new cases}}{\text{Population at risk}} \times 100$$

Q: Which equation correctly calculates the prevalence of a disease?

Prevalence $$= \frac{\text{Total cases}}{\text{Population}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes an opportunistic pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A microbe that only causes disease in hosts with weakened immune systems.

Question 2

A patient develops pneumonia after being hospitalized for surgery. The infection is caused by bacteria from the hospital environment. Which term best describes the source of this infection?

Accepted Answer

Exogenous source

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a zoonotic disease?

Accepted Answer

Rabies

Question 4

A disease that is constantly present at a low level in a population is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Endemic

Question 5

Which stage of infectious disease is characterized by the most severe signs and symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Acute phase

Question 6

A researcher is investigating a new disease. She finds that the disease is spreading rapidly across multiple continents. Which term best describes this situation?

Accepted Answer

Pandemic

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of Koch’s postulates?

Accepted Answer

All pathogens can be visualized with light microscopy.

Question 8

A hospital implements strict hand hygiene protocols to reduce the spread of MRSA. This is an example of which type of public health intervention?

Accepted Answer

Sanitation

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly calculates the incidence rate of a disease in a population?

Accepted Answer

Incidence rate $$= \frac{	ext{Number of new cases}}{	ext{Population at risk}} 	imes 100$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a fomite?

Accepted Answer

An inanimate object that can transmit infectious agents.

Question 11

A patient is infected with a virus but does not show any observable signs or symptoms. What is the term for this type of case?

Accepted Answer

Subclinical case

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-life example of a healthcare-associated infection (HAI)?

Accepted Answer

A patient contracts C. difficile after antibiotic treatment in a hospital.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in infectious disease epidemiology?

Accepted Answer

Tracking and reporting notifiable diseases.

Question 14

Which term describes the total number of cases of a disease in a population at a given time?

Accepted Answer

Prevalence

Question 15

A disease is transmitted from person to person via contaminated water. Which type of transmission is this?

Accepted Answer

Vehicle transmission

Question 16

Which of the following best describes herd immunity?

Accepted Answer

When a high percentage of a population is immune, reducing disease spread.

Question 17

Which phase of infectious disease is characterized by mild, nonspecific symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Prodromal phase

Question 18

A disease that was previously declining but is now increasing in frequency is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Reemerging disease

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of indirect transmission?

Accepted Answer

A person contracts influenza by touching a contaminated doorknob.

Question 20

Which equation correctly calculates the prevalence of a disease?

Accepted Answer

Prevalence $$= \frac{	ext{Total cases}}{	ext{Population}} 	imes 100$$

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