Question 1

Which of the following best describes the action of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

They recognize specific palindromic DNA sequences and cleave the DNA at or near these sites.

Question 2

A researcher wants to produce human insulin in E. coli. Which of the following steps is NOT required in the process of constructing a genetic clone using recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Using reverse transcriptase to convert E. coli mRNA to cDNA.

Question 3

During gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments are separated based on which property?

Accepted Answer

Their length (number of base pairs)

Question 4

Which of the following is a key reason why cDNA synthesized from eukaryotic mRNA can be expressed in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

cDNA contains only exons and lacks introns, which prokaryotes cannot process.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the Cas9 protein in the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system?

Accepted Answer

It is an endonuclease that introduces double-stranded breaks at specific DNA locations.

Question 6

A sample contains DNA fragments of 2500 bp, 800 bp, and 6400 bp. After gel electrophoresis, which fragment will be closest to the wells?

Accepted Answer

The 6400 bp fragment

Question 7

Which of the following correctly matches the step of PCR with its typical temperature and function?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation: $$95^\circ C$$, separates DNA strands

Question 8

Which of the following is a major advantage of next-generation sequencing over traditional Sanger sequencing?

Accepted Answer

It enables simultaneous sequencing of millions of DNA fragments.

Question 9

Which of the following is a current pharmaceutical product produced using recombinant DNA technology and its benefit?

Accepted Answer

Recombinant human insulin: provides a consistent and safe source for diabetic patients

Question 10

Which of the following is a significant agricultural application of recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Development of herbicide-resistant crops, allowing for more efficient weed control

Question 11

Which of the following is a major challenge or setback in gene therapy?

Accepted Answer

Immune responses to viral vectors used for gene delivery

Question 12

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of Neisseria species?

Accepted Answer

Gram-negative diplococci with fimbriae and a capsule

Question 13

A patient presents with a severe, persistent cough and copious mucus production. Which pathogen is most likely responsible, and what is a key feature of its pathogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Bordetella pertussis; produces toxins that increase mucus secretion in the respiratory tract

Question 14

Which of the following best explains how Helicobacter pylori survives in the acidic environment of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

It produces urease, which converts urea to ammonia, neutralizing stomach acid.

Question 15

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of the Enterobacteriaceae family?

Accepted Answer

Gram-negative rods that ferment glucose and reduce nitrate

Question 16

A 6-year-old develops bloody diarrhea after eating undercooked hamburger. Which E. coli strain is most likely responsible, and what is a serious complication?

Accepted Answer

E. coli O157:H7; Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the transmission of Shigella sonnei?

Accepted Answer

Person-to-person via the fecal-oral route

Question 18

A patient presents with fever, headache, and a stiff neck. Gram-negative diplococci are seen in the cerebrospinal fluid. Which organism is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Neisseria meningitidis

Question 19

Which of the following is a key feature of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that contributes to its role as an opportunistic pathogen in hospital settings?

Accepted Answer

Resistance to many disinfectants and antibiotics

Question 20

A patient develops a bull's-eye rash after a tick bite and later experiences joint pain and neurological symptoms. Which organism is responsible, and what is the disease?

Accepted Answer

Borrelia burgdorferi; Lyme disease

Recombinant DNA Technology and Pathogenic Gram-Negative Bacteria: Study Guide

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