Textbook Question
Fill in the blanks with the name(s) of the scientist(s) whose investigations led to the following fields of study in microbiology.
Food microbiology ____________.
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Ch. 1 - A Brief History of Microbiology
Bauman6th EditionMicrobiology with Diseases by TaxonomyISBN: 9780134832302
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - A Brief History of Microbiology31
- Ch. 2 - The Chemistry of Microbiology28
- Ch. 3 - Cell Structure and Function39
- Ch. 4 - Microscopy, Staining, and Classification25
- Ch. 5 - Microbial Metabolism51
- Ch. 6 - Microbial Nutrition and Growth37
- Ch. 7 - Microbial Genetics51
- Ch. 8 - Recombinant DNA Technology21
- Ch. 9 - Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment36
- Ch. 10 - Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs21
- Ch. 11 - Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes29
- Ch. 12 - Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes34
- Ch. 13 - Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions23
- Ch. 14 - Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology35
- Ch. 15 - Innate Immunity34
- Ch. 16 - Adaptive Immunity21
- Ch. 17 - Immunization and Immune Testing29
- Ch. 18 - Immune Disorders22
- Ch. 19 - Pathogenic Gram-Positive Bacteria25
- Ch. 20 - Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli28
- Ch. 21 - Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios25
- Ch. 22 - Pathogenic Fungi47
- Ch. 23 - Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors44
- Ch. 24 - Pathogenic DNA Viruses23
- Ch. 25 - Pathogenic RNA Viruses30
- Ch. 26 - Applied and Industrial Microbiology29
- Ch. 27 - Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes22
Bauman6th EditionMicrobiology with Diseases by TaxonomyISBN: 9780134832302Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 1, Problem 8
Which of the following favored the theory of spontaneous generation?
a. Spallanzani
b. Needham
c. Pasteur
d. Koch
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Understand the concept of spontaneous generation: it is the hypothesis that living organisms can arise from nonliving matter spontaneously.
Recall the contributions of each scientist listed: Spallanzani conducted experiments that challenged spontaneous generation by boiling broth to kill microbes; Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation with his swan-neck flask experiment; Koch is known for his postulates related to germ theory; Needham performed experiments that seemed to support spontaneous generation by showing microbial growth in boiled broth.
Identify which scientist's work appeared to support or favor spontaneous generation rather than disproving it.
Focus on Needham's experiments where he boiled broth but still observed microbial growth, which was interpreted as evidence for spontaneous generation at the time.
Conclude that among the options, Needham's work favored the theory of spontaneous generation.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Theory of Spontaneous Generation
This theory proposed that living organisms could arise spontaneously from non-living matter. It was widely accepted before the development of modern microbiology and was challenged by experiments demonstrating that life comes from pre-existing life.
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05:59
Introduction to Spontaneous Generation
Needham's Experiments
Needham conducted experiments with boiled broths that he sealed, observing microbial growth afterward. He interpreted this as evidence supporting spontaneous generation, believing that life could arise from non-living fluids.
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05:56Needham vs. Spallanzani
Opposition to Spontaneous Generation by Pasteur and Spallanzani
Spallanzani and Pasteur performed controlled experiments showing that sterilized broths remained free of microbes unless exposed to contamination. Their work disproved spontaneous generation by demonstrating that microorganisms come from other microorganisms.
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03:53Pasteur's Experiments on Spontaneous Generation
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Refer to the four steps in the scientific method in describing Pasteur’s fermentation experiments.
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Textbook Question
Fill in the blanks with the name(s) of the scientist(s) whose investigations led to the following fields of study in microbiology.
Biotechnology ____________
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Textbook Question
List Koch’s postulates, and explain why they are significant.
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Textbook Question
Van Leeuwenhoek described microorganisms as:
a. Animalcules
b. Prokaryotes
c. Eukaryotes
d. Protozoa
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Textbook Question
A scientist who studies the role of microorganisms in the environment is a(n):
a. Genetic technologist
b. Earth microbiologist
c. Epidemiologist
d. Environmental microbiologist
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