Consumer Surplus and Willingness to Pay
Producer Surplus and Willingness to Sell
Economic Surplus and Efficiency
Competitive Markets
Market Equilibrium
Effects of Surplus
Effects of Shortage
Public Goods: Demand Curve and Optimal Quantity
The Free Rider Problem and the Tragedy of the Commons
Externalities: Social Benefits and Social Costs
Public Solutions to Externalities
Monopoly Efficiency and Deadweight Loss
Positive and Normative Analysis