Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the process by which ethanol is produced for human consumption?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol is produced by the fermentation of yeast and natural sugars found in grains and fruits.

Question 2

A standard drink in the United States contains approximately how much pure alcohol?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5$$ ounces

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a reason why moderate alcohol consumption may be associated with reduced risk of heart disease in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol increases the absorption of calcium in the intestines.

Question 4

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the initial metabolism of alcohol in the stomach and liver?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 5

A woman and a man of similar weight consume the same amount of alcohol. Why is the woman likely to experience stronger effects?

Accepted Answer

Women have 20-30% less alcohol dehydrogenase in the stomach.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the metabolic pathway of ethanol in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol $$\rightarrow$$ Acetaldehyde $$\rightarrow$$ Carbon dioxide + Water

Question 7

A person drinks three 12-ounce beers (each a standard drink) over two hours. Approximately how long will it take for their body to metabolize all the alcohol, assuming a rate of one standard drink per 1.5 hours?

Accepted Answer

$$3 	imes 1.5 = 4.5$$ hours

Question 8

Which of the following is a potential consequence of chronic excessive alcohol consumption on nutrient status?

Accepted Answer

Thiamin deficiency leading to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement about the effects of alcohol on the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol is a depressant that slows down nerve impulse transmission and reaction time.

Question 10

A patient presents with fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. These conditions are best described as:

Accepted Answer

The progressive stages of alcoholic liver disease

Question 11

Which of the following is a true statement regarding alcohol and pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

There is no proven safe amount of alcohol for pregnant women; abstinence is recommended.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of alcohol use disorder (AUD) according to the DSM-5 criteria?

Accepted Answer

Consuming alcohol only on special occasions

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why alcohol can contribute to both overnutrition and malnutrition?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol provides $$7$$ calories per gram and can displace nutrient-rich foods in the diet.

Question 14

A college student drinks five or more drinks in about two hours. This pattern is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Binge drinking

Question 15

Which of the following is a physiological effect of alcohol that can increase the risk of osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol interferes with parathyroid hormone and other bone-strengthening hormones.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the legal and health risks of drinking and driving?

Accepted Answer

It is illegal to drive with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of $$0.08 or $$higher.

Question 17

Which of the following is a plausible reason why food in the stomach slows alcohol absorption?

Accepted Answer

Food delays gastric emptying, reducing the rate at which alcohol enters the small intestine.

Question 18

Which of the following is a potential effect of alcohol on hormone regulation?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol can increase estrogen levels in women, potentially raising breast cancer risk.

Question 19

A person who abstains from alcohol for several days and then drinks heavily in one day is:

Accepted Answer

Not practicing moderate drinking, regardless of weekly average.

Question 20

Which of the following groups should avoid alcohol consumption according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Alcohol: Nutrition, Metabolism, and Health Effects (Chapter 9 Study Notes)

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