Question 1

Which hormone is primarily responsible for lowering blood glucose levels after a meal, and what is its main mechanism of action?

Accepted Answer

Insulin; increases glucose uptake by muscle and fat cells

Question 2

A patient with type 1 diabetes forgets to take their insulin before eating a carbohydrate-rich meal. Which condition are they most at risk for, and why?

Accepted Answer

Hyperglycemia, because insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells

Question 3

Which of the following hormones is NOT directly involved in blood glucose regulation?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine

Question 4

During fasting, which process is stimulated by glucagon to increase blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis

Question 5

A person experiences dizziness and confusion after skipping breakfast and exercising vigorously. Which condition are they likely experiencing, and what is the physiological cause?

Accepted Answer

Hypoglycemia; insufficient glucose available for the brain

Question 6

Which of the following statements about insulin and glucagon is correct?

Accepted Answer

Insulin promotes glucose uptake into cells, while glucagon stimulates glucose release from the liver

Question 7

Calculate the expected blood glucose change if a person consumes a meal high in carbohydrates but has impaired insulin secretion. Assume initial blood glucose is $$100\ \mathrm{mg/dL}$$ and the meal would normally raise it by $$50\ \mathrm{mg/dL}$$, but only $$20\ \mathrm{mg/dL} is $$taken up by cells due to impaired insulin. What is the final blood glucose level?

Accepted Answer

$$150\ \mathrm{mg/dL}$$

Question 8

Which of the following is a direct effect of insulin on muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Increases glucose uptake

Question 9

A person with a tumor secreting excess glucagon would most likely present with which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

High blood glucose and frequent urination

Question 10

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of homeostasis in blood glucose regulation?

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose falls during fasting and is restored to normal by hormone action

Question 11

Which hormone is released by the pancreas in response to low blood glucose, and what is its primary target organ?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon; liver

Question 12

A patient is unable to produce glucagon. Which of the following symptoms would they most likely experience during prolonged fasting?

Accepted Answer

Hypoglycemia and fatigue

Question 13

Which of the following hormones increases blood glucose by stimulating gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 14

If a person eats a meal high in carbohydrates and then immediately exercises vigorously, which hormone will be most active to maintain blood glucose homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon, to release glucose from the liver

Question 15

Which of the following is a common misconception about blood glucose regulation?

Accepted Answer

Insulin is released during fasting to increase blood glucose

Question 16

A person with adrenal gland dysfunction has elevated levels of epinephrine and cortisol. What effect would this have on their blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose would increase due to stimulation of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis

Question 17

Which equation best represents the process of glycogenolysis stimulated by glucagon in the liver?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Glycogen} \rightarrow \mathrm{Glucose}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of insulin?

Accepted Answer

Increases blood glucose by stimulating gluconeogenesis

Question 19

A person with a genetic mutation that prevents insulin secretion would most likely experience which of the following after eating a carbohydrate-rich meal?

Accepted Answer

Persistent elevation of blood glucose

Blood Glucose Regulation: Mechanisms and Hormonal Control

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