Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why water-soluble fibers are beneficial for cardiovascular health?

Accepted Answer

They help lower serum cholesterol by binding bile acids and slowing glucose absorption.

Question 2

A patient following a ketogenic diet consumes less than 50g of carbohydrates per day. Which metabolic process is most likely to occur, and what is a common side effect?

Accepted Answer

Ketosis; bad breath due to increased ketone bodies

Question 3

Which of the following combinations correctly matches the disaccharide with its monosaccharide components?

Accepted Answer

Maltose: glucose + glucose

Question 4

A 70 kg adult requires protein based on the RDA. Calculate the minimum daily protein requirement using the formula $$ 	ext{Protein (g)} = 0.8 	imes 	ext{weight (kg)} .$$

Accepted Answer

$$ 56 	ext{ g} $$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of insulin in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It helps glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids enter cells for energy and storage.

Question 6

Which of the following is a complete protein source suitable for a vegan diet?

Accepted Answer

Quinoa

Question 7

A patient with type 2 diabetes is advised to increase physical activity and improve diet. What is the primary reason these changes are effective?

Accepted Answer

They improve insulin sensitivity, allowing cells to use glucose more effectively.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fats is correct?

Accepted Answer

Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats help lower cholesterol and decrease heart disease risk.

Question 9

Which process must occur before an amino acid can be used for energy or stored as fat?

Accepted Answer

Deamination

Question 10

A person consumes a diet high in hydrogenated fats. What is the most likely effect on their blood lipoprotein profile?

Accepted Answer

Increased LDL and decreased HDL

Question 11

Which of the following is a health benefit of dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

Normalizes blood glucose and decreases serum cholesterol

Question 12

Which of the following is a risk factor for atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

High LDL cholesterol

Question 13

A child presents with severe protein deficiency but adequate caloric intake. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Kwashiorkor

Question 14

Which of the following statements about cholesterol is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is made by the liver and found in animal products.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the effect of omega-3 fatty acids (ALA, DHA, EPA) on health?

Accepted Answer

They decrease heart disease risk and may help with depression.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining pH balance by acting as buffers

Question 17

A vegan student is concerned about protein quality in their diet. Which strategy would best ensure adequate intake of all essential amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Combining different plant protein sources such as legumes and grains

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of denaturation?

Accepted Answer

Uncoiling of protein structure due to heat or acid, altering its function

Question 19

Which lipoprotein is responsible for removing cholesterol from the arteries, and what is its effect on heart disease risk?

Accepted Answer

HDL; decreases heart disease risk

Question 20

A person experiences symptoms of hypoglycemia after intense exercise without eating enough carbohydrates. Which of the following best explains this condition?

Accepted Answer

Too much insulin is secreted, lowering blood glucose levels.

Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins: Structure, Function, and Health Implications

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