Q: During photosynthesis, plants produce glucose using which of the following chemical reactions?

$$6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \text{sunlight energy} \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why glucose is considered the most desirable source of energy for the human body?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is the predominant sugar in high-carbohydrate foods and is the primary fuel for the brain and red blood cells.

Question 2

During photosynthesis, plants produce glucose using which of the following chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

$$6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{sunlight energy} ightarrow \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between amylose and amylopectin, the two forms of starch found in plants?

Accepted Answer

Amylose is a straight chain of glucose units, while amylopectin is highly branched, allowing for faster digestion.

Question 4

A patient with lactose intolerance is most likely to experience symptoms after consuming which of the following foods, and why?

Accepted Answer

Whole milk, because it contains more lactose than hard cheeses and is less likely to be pre-digested by bacteria.

Question 5

Which hormone is primarily responsible for lowering blood glucose levels after a carbohydrate-rich meal, and what is its main mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Insulin; it promotes the uptake of glucose by cells and storage as glycogen or fat.

Question 6

A person has not eaten for 16 hours. Which metabolic processes are most active in maintaining their blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why consuming adequate carbohydrates is important for protein sparing in the body?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates provide glucose, reducing the need for gluconeogenesis from amino acids.

Question 8

Which of the following is a recommended daily intake for fiber according to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)?

Accepted Answer

14 grams for every 1,000 calories consumed

Question 9

A food label lists 24 grams of total sugars and 10 grams of added sugars per serving. Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The food contains 14 grams of naturally occurring sugars and 10 grams of added sugars.

Question 10

Which of the following is a mechanism by which viscous, soluble fiber can help lower blood cholesterol levels?

Accepted Answer

By trapping cholesterol-rich bile salts in the digestive tract, leading to their excretion.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about sugar substitutes is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Aspartame must be avoided by individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU) due to its phenylalanine content.

Question 12

A person consumes a diet very low in carbohydrates for several days. Which metabolic state are they most likely to enter, and what is a potential consequence?

Accepted Answer

Ketosis; increased production of ketone bodies that may acidify the blood

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease resulting in little or no insulin production, while type 2 involves insulin resistance and often insufficient insulin production.

Question 14

Which of the following dietary strategies is most effective for reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Adopting a high-fiber, balanced diet with regular physical activity and weight management

Question 15

Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL)?

Accepted Answer

The glycemic index measures the effect of a food on blood glucose compared to pure glucose or white bread.

Question 16

Which of the following is a potential negative effect of increasing dietary fiber intake too rapidly?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of vitamin and mineral deficiencies due to reduced absorption

Question 17

Which of the following foods is most likely to contribute to dental caries if consumed frequently and why?

Accepted Answer

Raisins, because their sticky sugars adhere to teeth and provide a substrate for bacteria

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct recommendation for added sugar intake according to the 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Accepted Answer

Less than 10% of total daily calories should come from added sugars.

Question 19

Which of the following is a benefit of consuming whole grains instead of refined grains?

Accepted Answer

Whole grains contain more fiber, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals than refined grains.

Carbohydrates: Structure, Digestion, Functions, Health Effects, and Dietary Recommendations

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