Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between soluble and insoluble dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

Soluble fiber dissolves in water and can help lower blood cholesterol, while insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water and helps promote regular bowel movements.

Question 2

A patient with type 1 diabetes injects insulin after a meal. Which hormone is primarily responsible for lowering blood glucose, and from which cells is it released?

Accepted Answer

Insulin, released from beta cells of the pancreas.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the process of gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids and glycerol.

Question 4

A food label claims, 'Diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol that include soluble fiber from oats may reduce the risk of heart disease.' According to FDA guidelines, which of the following must be true for this claim to be valid?

Accepted Answer

The food must provide at least 0.75 grams of soluble fiber per serving.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why high fructose corn syrup is commonly used in processed foods and beverages?

Accepted Answer

It is inexpensive, has a long shelf life, and is sweeter than sucrose.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct statement about the digestion and absorption of lipids?

Accepted Answer

Most lipid digestion occurs in the small intestine with the help of bile and pancreatic lipase.

Question 7

A patient is advised to reduce their intake of saturated fatty acids. Which of the following foods should they limit or avoid?

Accepted Answer

Butter and fatty cuts of red meat.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the structure of a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

A molecule consisting of one glycerol backbone and three fatty acids.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about protein digestion is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chemical digestion of protein begins in the stomach with the action of hydrochloric acid and pepsin.

Question 10

A vegan is concerned about getting enough complete protein. Which of the following food combinations would provide all essential amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Rice and beans.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in health?

Accepted Answer

It is a marker of inflammation and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about alcohol metabolism is correct?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol is primarily metabolized in the liver by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of beta-oxidation?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA units for entry into the Krebs cycle.

Question 14

During intense exercise, when oxygen is limited, which metabolic pathway is used to regenerate NAD$$^+$$ and what is the byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation; lactic acid is produced.

Question 15

How many net ATP molecules are produced from the complete aerobic oxidation of one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$36 to$$ $$38$$ ATP

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of creatine phosphate in muscle energy metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It donates a phosphate group to ADP to rapidly regenerate ATP during short bursts of intense activity.

Question 17

Which of the following is a catabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why someone could gain body fat even while restricting dietary lipid intake?

Accepted Answer

Excess calories from carbohydrates and proteins can be converted to fat and stored in adipose tissue.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Acting as enzymes to catalyze biochemical reactions.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the glycemic index?

Accepted Answer

A measure of how quickly a carbohydrate-containing food raises blood glucose levels compared to pure glucose.

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