Q: A person consumes 2,000 kcal per day. If 30% of their calories come from fat, how many grams of fat are they consuming daily? (Use $$1\ g\ fat = 9\ kcal)$$

$$\frac{2000 \times 0.3}{9} = 66.7\ g$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) in nutrition?

Accepted Answer

The average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group.

Question 2

A nutrition researcher wants to determine if a new diet reduces cholesterol levels. Which study design would best minimize bias and allow for causal inference?

Accepted Answer

A randomized controlled trial with participants assigned to either the new diet or a control group.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI)?

Accepted Answer

$$BMI = \frac{weight\ (kg)}{height\ (m)^2$}$$

Question 4

Which of the following foods is most likely to be a significant source of soluble fiber?

Accepted Answer

Oatmeal

Question 5

A patient presents with symptoms of fatigue, muscle weakness, and irregular heartbeat. Blood tests reveal low potassium levels. Which mineral deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Potassium

Question 6

Which of the following statements about water-soluble vitamins is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are absorbed directly into the blood and excess amounts are usually excreted in urine.

Question 7

Which hormone is primarily responsible for reducing hunger and where is it produced?

Accepted Answer

Leptin, produced in adipose (fat) tissue

Question 8

A person consumes 2,000 kcal per day. If 30% of their calories come from fat, how many grams of fat are they consuming daily? (Use $$1\ g\ fat = 9\ kcal)$$

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{2000 	imes 0.3}{9} = 66.7\ g$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a major contribution to excess sodium intake in the US diet?

Accepted Answer

Processed and packaged foods

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why trans fats are considered unhealthy?

Accepted Answer

They increase LDL cholesterol and decrease HDL cholesterol.

Question 11

Which process is responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates into glucose during digestion?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 12

Which vitamin is essential for collagen synthesis and enhances iron absorption?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 13

A patient is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which mineral is most critical for bone health and prevention of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of dietary fiber in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Promotes regular bowel movements and helps lower blood cholesterol

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between major and trace minerals?

Accepted Answer

Major minerals are required in amounts greater than 100 mg/day, while trace minerals are needed in smaller amounts.

Question 16

Which of the following is a primary function of protein in the body?

Accepted Answer

Building and repairing tissues

Question 17

Which metabolic pathway is responsible for the production of ATP from glucose under aerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

Question 18

A person is experiencing symptoms of night blindness. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of sodium in the body?

Accepted Answer

It helps regulate fluid balance and nerve transmission.

Question 20

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of energy provided by carbohydrates in a meal containing 60 grams of carbohydrates? (Use $$1\ g\ carbohydrate = 4\ kcal)$$

Accepted Answer

$$Energy = 60 	imes 4 = 240\ kcal$$

Comprehensive Study Guide: Foundations of Nutrition Science

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