Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three main components of total energy expenditure in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Basal metabolic rate, thermic effect of food, and energy cost of physical activity

Question 2

A 30-year-old male has a basal metabolic rate (BMR) of 1,700 kcal/day, a thermic effect of food (TEF) of 200 kcal/day, and expends 600 kcal/day in physical activity. What is his total energy expenditure (TEE)?

$$TEE = BMR + TEF + 	ext{Physical Activity}$$

Accepted Answer

$$TEE = 2,500$$ kcal/day

Question 3

Which factor would most likely increase an individual's basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

Increased muscle mass

Question 4

The thermic effect of food (TEF) is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

The energy required to digest, absorb, and metabolize nutrients

Question 5

Which equation is commonly used to estimate the energy requirement (EER) for an individual?

Accepted Answer

$$EER = BMR + 	ext{Physical Activity} + TEF$$

Question 6

A 25-year-old woman weighing 60 kg has a BMR of 1,400 kcal/day. If her physical activity level adds 500 kcal/day and her TEF is 10% of her total intake, what is her estimated energy requirement (EER)?

Let $$EER = BMR + 	ext{Physical Activity} + TEF$$ and $$TEF = 0.10 	imes (BMR + 	ext{Physical Activity})$$

Accepted Answer

$$EER = 2,090$$ kcal/day

Question 7

What is a likely effect of extreme dieting on basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

BMR decreases as the body adapts to conserve energy

Question 8

According to the set point theory of body weight regulation, what happens when a person loses weight rapidly?

Accepted Answer

The body compensates by lowering energy expenditure and increasing hunger

Question 9

How do fat cells typically change with weight gain in adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Fat cells increase in size and may increase in number if weight gain is significant

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a normal role of body fat?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the thermic effect of food

Question 11

Which theory of obesity suggests that genetic and environmental factors interact to influence body weight?

Accepted Answer

Gene-environment interaction theory

Question 12

A patient has been on a very low-calorie diet for several months and now finds it difficult to lose additional weight. Which physiological adaptation best explains this plateau?

Accepted Answer

A decrease in basal metabolic rate

Question 13

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the application of the set point theory?

Accepted Answer

After losing 10 kg, an individual experiences increased hunger and decreased energy expenditure

Question 14

Which of the following would most likely increase the thermic effect of food (TEF)?

Accepted Answer

Consuming a high-protein meal

Question 15

If an individual’s energy intake consistently exceeds their energy expenditure, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Weight gain due to increased fat storage

Question 16

Which of the following best describes how fat cells change with weight loss?

Accepted Answer

Fat cells decrease in size but not in number

Question 17

Which of the following is a plausible reason why two individuals with the same body weight and composition might have different basal metabolic rates?

Accepted Answer

Differences in thyroid hormone levels

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the energy cost of physical activity is correct?

Accepted Answer

It varies depending on the intensity and duration of the activity

Question 19

A 40-year-old sedentary male has a BMR of 1,600 kcal/day and a TEF of 180 kcal/day. If he starts exercising and burns an additional 400 kcal/day, what is his new total energy expenditure?

$$TEE = BMR + TEF + 	ext{Physical Activity}$$

Accepted Answer

$$TEE = 2,180$$ kcal/day

Question 20

Which of the following is a major limitation of the set point theory in explaining obesity?

Accepted Answer

It does not account for environmental and behavioral influences on body weight

Energy Balance: Body Weight, Obesity, & Eating Disorders - Study Guide

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