Q: Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between energy balance and weight change?

$$\Delta \text{Weight} = \text{Energy Intake} - \text{Energy Expenditure}$$

Question 1

According to the Socio-Ecological Model of Health, which of the following is an example of a community-level influence on an individual's weight?

Accepted Answer

Availability of healthy food options in local stores

Question 2

Which statement best describes the Set-Point Theory as it relates to body weight regulation?

Accepted Answer

The body has a 'set point' for weight and resists weight changes through metabolic adjustments.

Question 3

A researcher observes that identical twins raised apart have similar body compositions despite different lifestyles. This observation best supports which hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Genetic factors significantly influence body weight.

Question 4

Which hormone is primarily released by adipose tissue and signals satiety to the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 5

If a person has a mutation that causes leptin deficiency, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

They will experience increased hunger and likely gain weight.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why obesity rates have increased in the U.S. since 1970, despite little change in genetics?

Accepted Answer

Increased prevalence of high-calorie, low-nutrient foods and more sedentary lifestyles.

Question 7

Which of the following is a societal-level factor that can influence an individual's weight according to the Socio-Ecological Model?

Accepted Answer

Government policies on food pricing

Question 8

A person with more 'thrifty genes' is likely to:

Accepted Answer

Store calories more efficiently, increasing risk of weight gain in calorie-rich environments.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of thyroxine in weight regulation?

Accepted Answer

It increases basal metabolic rate (BMR), leading to higher energy expenditure.

Question 10

A student claims that technology has made our lifestyles more active, reducing obesity rates. Based on the study materials, how should this claim be evaluated?

Accepted Answer

It is incorrect; technology has generally made lifestyles more sedentary, contributing to increased obesity rates.

Question 11

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between energy balance and weight change?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta 	ext{Weight} = 	ext{Energy Intake} - 	ext{Energy Expenditure}$$

Question 12

Which of the following statements about genetic influences on weight is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Most cases of obesity are due to hundreds of genes with small effects.

Question 13

Which hormone is released by the stomach and stimulates hunger?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin

Question 14

A person who experiences weight gain after moving to a new city with limited access to fresh produce is most likely influenced by which factor?

Accepted Answer

Community-level environmental factors

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of GLP-1 in weight regulation?

Accepted Answer

It is released by the intestine and signals satiety to reduce hunger.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a plausible environmental cause for increased obesity rates?

Accepted Answer

Genetic changes in the population over the past 50 years

Question 17

If a person’s basal metabolic rate (BMR) is increased by 10% due to higher thyroxine levels, and their original BMR was 1500 kcal/day, what is their new BMR?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{New BMR} = 1500 	imes 1.10 = 1650 \ 	ext{kcal/day}$$

Question 18

Which of the following best illustrates the interaction between genetic and environmental factors in weight regulation?

Accepted Answer

A person with a genetic predisposition to obesity gains weight after moving to an area with limited physical activity options.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about leptin is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Leptin increases hunger signaling in the hypothalamus.

Question 20

A government implements a tax on sugary beverages to reduce obesity rates. This is an example of which level of influence in the Socio-Ecological Model?

Accepted Answer

Societal

Factors That Influence Body Weight: Genetic, Hormonal, and Environmental Determinants

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