Q: A food label states that a serving contains 10g of protein, 5g of fat, and 30g of carbohydrate. Calculate the total energy content per serving in kilocalories ($$kcal). $$Use the following energy values: protein = $$4\ kcal/g$$, fat = $$9\ kcal/g$$, carbohydrate = $$4\ kcal/g.$$

$$(10 \times 4) + (5 \times 9) + (30 \times 4) = 40 + 45 + 120 = 205\ kcal$$

Q: A food contains 8g of fat, 12g of protein, and 25g of carbohydrate. What percentage of the total energy comes from fat? (Use: fat = $$9\ kcal/g$$, protein = $$4\ kcal/g$$, carbohydrate = $$4\ kcal/g)$$

$$\frac{8 \times 9}{(8 \times 9) + (12 \times 4) + (25 \times 4)} \times 100 = \frac{72}{72 + 48 + 100} \times 100 = \frac{72}{220} \times 100 \approx 32.7\%$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a nutrient and a phytochemical?

Accepted Answer

A nutrient is essential for normal body functioning, while a phytochemical is a non-essential compound found in plants that may have health benefits.

Question 2

A food label states that a serving contains 10g of protein, 5g of fat, and 30g of carbohydrate. Calculate the total energy content per serving in kilocalories ($$kcal). $$Use the following energy values: protein = $$4\ kcal/g$$, fat = $$9\ kcal/g$$, carbohydrate = $$4\ kcal/g.$$

Accepted Answer

$$(10 	imes 4) + (5 	imes 9) + (30 	imes 4) = 40 + 45 + 120 = 205\ kcal$$

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for evaluating nutritional information found on the internet?

Accepted Answer

Relying solely on anecdotal evidence and testimonials.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) is correct?

Accepted Answer

EER is the amount of energy required to maintain weight in a healthy individual based on age, sex, weight, height, and physical activity.

Question 5

A 35-year-old woman wants to lose weight. She consumes 2,500 kcal per day but her Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) is 2,000 kcal. If she maintains her current intake, what is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

She will gain weight because her intake exceeds her EER.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the surface area of the small intestine is important for digestion?

Accepted Answer

It allows for greater absorption of nutrients due to the presence of villi and microvilli.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of bile in the digestive process?

Accepted Answer

Bile emulsifies fats, increasing their surface area for enzyme action.

Question 8

A food contains 8g of fat, 12g of protein, and 25g of carbohydrate. What percentage of the total energy comes from fat? (Use: fat = $$9\ kcal/g$$, protein = $$4\ kcal/g$$, carbohydrate = $$4\ kcal/g)$$

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{8 	imes 9}{(8 	imes 9) + (12 	imes 4) + (25 	imes 4)} 	imes 100 = \frac{72}{72 + 48 + 100} 	imes 100 = \frac{72}{220} 	imes 100 \approx 32.7\%$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic of a functional food?

Accepted Answer

It is a food that provides health benefits beyond basic nutrition due to the presence of bioactive compounds.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscles that propels food through the digestive tract.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a role of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Major digestion of carbohydrates.

Question 12

A child consumes a diet that is deficient in essential amino acids. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The child will be unable to synthesize all necessary proteins, leading to impaired growth and development.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the purpose of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)?

Accepted Answer

To recommend the proportion of energy intake that should come from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins for optimal health.

Question 14

Which of the following is a limitation of using case-control studies in nutrition research?

Accepted Answer

They cannot establish causality, only associations.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct order of organs in the digestive tract from mouth to anus?

Accepted Answer

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus

Question 16

Which of the following is a reason why dietary guidelines are updated periodically?

Accepted Answer

To reflect new scientific evidence and changes in population health trends.

Question 17

A patient is diagnosed with lactose intolerance. Which digestive enzyme is deficient in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Lactase

Question 18

Which of the following is a primary function of dietary fiber in the human diet?

Accepted Answer

Promoting regular bowel movements and supporting gut health.

Question 19

Which of the following is the most accurate way to determine if a scientific article is 'peer reviewed'?

Accepted Answer

Check if the article was published in a reputable scientific journal that requires peer review.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes segmentation in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Segmentation is the mixing of food with digestive juices by alternating contraction and relaxation of intestinal muscles.

Fundamentals of Nutrition: Key Concepts and Tools for Healthy Eating

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