Q: Which equation best represents the average decline in basal metabolic rate (BMR) per decade in older adults?

$$\Delta BMR = 1\% \text{ to } 2\% \text{ per decade}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why older adults require fewer calories as they age?

Accepted Answer

They experience a decline in metabolic rate due to loss of muscle mass and reduced physical activity.

Question 2

A 70-year-old woman is experiencing constipation and has been advised to increase her fiber and fluid intake. Which physiological change most likely contributes to her condition?

Accepted Answer

Decline in intestinal wall strength and slowed motility.

Question 3

Which micronutrient's absorption is most likely impaired in older adults due to decreased stomach acid production?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B$$_{12}$$

Question 4

An older adult is at risk for osteoporosis and fractures due to overconsumption of which form of vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Preformed vitamin A

Question 5

Which dietary strategy is recommended by the World Health Organization to help older adults prevent chronic diseases?

Accepted Answer

A varied, nutrient- and phytochemical-dense, heart-healthy diet

Question 6

A 75-year-old man has difficulty chewing and avoids many foods. What nutritional consequences is he most likely to experience?

Accepted Answer

Lower dietary variety and reduced intake of fiber and vitamins

Question 7

Which equation best represents the average decline in basal metabolic rate (BMR) per decade in older adults?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta BMR = 1\% 	ext{ to } 2\% 	ext{ per decade}$$

Question 8

Which of the following is a key benefit of regular physical activity for older adults?

Accepted Answer

It improves mobility and ability to live independently.

Question 9

A 68-year-old woman is diagnosed with atrophic gastritis. Which nutrient is she most at risk of being deficient in?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B$$_{12}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a way malnutrition limits a person's ability to function in later years?

Accepted Answer

Increasing bone mass

Question 11

Which of the following is a common cause of gout in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Excessive intake of purines from foods

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic change in the aging brain that contributes to dementia?

Accepted Answer

Loss of neurons and decreased blood supply

Question 13

Why do older adults need to increase their calcium intake to 1,200 mg/day after age 50?

Accepted Answer

To reduce the risk of osteoporosis and fractures

Question 14

Which of the following is a risk factor for cataracts in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative stress

Question 15

A 72-year-old man is living alone with limited income and reports eating mostly the same foods every day. Which nutritional risk is he most likely facing?

Accepted Answer

Malnutrition due to limited dietary variety and possible nutrient deficiencies

Question 16

Which of the following is a recommended strategy to improve immune system response in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Regular physical activity and a diet rich in fruits and vegetables

Question 17

Which of the following is a major difference between physiological age and chronological age?

Accepted Answer

Physiological age refers to a person's health status, which may differ from their chronological age.

Question 18

Which of the following is a common challenge for older adults that can negatively impact their nutritional health?

Accepted Answer

Depression and loss of appetite

Question 19

A 65-year-old woman is prescribed a medication that interacts with certain foods and herbs. What is a potential consequence of this interaction?

Accepted Answer

Negative health effects due to altered nutrient metabolism

Question 20

Which of the following is a key nutritional concern for older adults with Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining appropriate body weight through supervised food planning and mealtimes

exam 4 Adulthood and the Later Years

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