Question 1

Which of the following best describes the physiological changes in body proportions from infancy to the toddler years?

Accepted Answer

During infancy, the trunk grows faster than the limbs, and by the toddler years, the limbs grow faster, resulting in a taller and more slender appearance.

Question 2

A pregnant woman with a pre-pregnancy BMI of 22 should aim for what total weight gain during pregnancy, according to recommendations?

Accepted Answer

$$25-35\ 	ext{pounds}$$

Question 3

Which of the following nutrients is NOT adequately supplied by breast milk and therefore must be supplemented in an infant’s diet?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 4

A mother is concerned about her infant developing early childhood caries. Which feeding practice should she avoid to reduce this risk?

Accepted Answer

Allowing the infant to fall asleep with a bottle of juice

Question 5

A pregnant woman is in her third trimester. How many additional kilocalories per day should she consume compared to her pre-pregnancy intake?

Accepted Answer

$$450\ 	ext{kcal/day}$$

Question 6

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the growth of the milk duct system and initiating milk production during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Question 7

A toddler’s diet should provide what percentage of total daily calories from fat, according to dietary recommendations?

Accepted Answer

$$30-40\%$$

Question 8

A mother is diagnosed with gestational diabetes. If her blood sugars are not properly managed, what is a likely outcome for her baby?

Accepted Answer

Macrosomia (excessive birth weight)

Question 9

Which of the following foods should be avoided or prepared with caution to reduce the risk of listeriosis during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Soft cheeses and smoked seafood

Question 10

A 2-year-old child insists on eating only peanut butter sandwiches for every meal for a week. This behavior is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Food jag

Question 11

Which of the following is a benefit of breastfeeding for the mother?

Accepted Answer

Reduced risk of breast and ovarian cancers

Question 12

A parent introduces solid foods to their infant at 3 months of age. Which long-term health issue is this practice associated with?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of overnutrition and obesity

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why infants have higher per-kilogram requirements for macronutrients and micronutrients than adults?

Accepted Answer

Infants experience rapid cell division and growth.

Question 14

A mother is exclusively breastfeeding her newborn. Which vitamin should be supplemented to the infant to prevent deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 15

A toddler is experiencing frequent watery stools after drinking large amounts of fruit juice. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The high sugar content in juice pulls fluid into the intestine, causing diarrhea.

Question 16

Which of the following is a key function of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Support fetal brain and eye development

Question 17

A newborn develops jaundice due to elevated bilirubin levels. What is the physiological reason for this condition?

Accepted Answer

The newborn's liver is not efficiently removing bilirubin from the blood.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between foremilk and hindmilk in mature breast milk?

Accepted Answer

Foremilk is higher in water, vitamins, and protein, while hindmilk is higher in fat.

Question 19

A parent is concerned about their toddler’s iron intake. Which of the following is a potential consequence of iron deficiency during this stage?

Accepted Answer

Intellectual, behavioral, or motor problems

Question 20

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for introducing new foods to toddlers who are picky eaters?

Accepted Answer

Continue to offer a variety of foods without becoming a short order cook.

Nutrition Through the Lifecycle: Pregnancy to Toddler Years

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