Q: A person consumes a diet high in tryptophan but low in niacin. Which equation describes the conversion of tryptophan to niacin equivalents?

$$60 \times \text{mg tryptophan} = 1 \text{niacin equivalent (NE)}$$

Question 1

Which water-soluble vitamin acts as an antioxidant and helps protect cells from oxidative damage?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle weakness, peripheral neuropathy, and edema. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely responsible, and what is the name of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Thiamin deficiency; Wet Beriberi

Question 3

Which water-soluble vitamin is required for the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA in the TCA cycle?

Accepted Answer

Thiamin (B1)

Question 4

A person consumes a diet high in tryptophan but low in niacin. Which equation describes the conversion of tryptophan to niacin equivalents?

Accepted Answer

$$60 	imes 	ext{mg tryptophan} = 1 	ext{niacin equivalent (NE)}$$

Question 5

Which vitamin deficiency is associated with the disease Pellagra, and what are its four classic symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Niacin deficiency; Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Death

Question 6

Which water-soluble vitamin is necessary for the formation of red blood cells and works closely with folate?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 7

A patient with chronic alcoholism develops confusion and memory loss. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely, and what is the syndrome called?

Accepted Answer

Thiamin deficiency; Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Question 8

Which vitamin acts as a coenzyme in the synthesis of fatty acids and the replenishment of oxaloacetate from pyruvate?

Accepted Answer

Biotin

Question 9

Which water-soluble vitamin is most likely to be destroyed by heat, light, and oxidation during food processing?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 10

A patient is experiencing fatigue, nausea, and numbness. Lab results show a rare deficiency in a vitamin that is part of coenzyme A. Which vitamin is deficient?

Accepted Answer

Pantothenic acid

Question 11

Which vitamin is required for the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA in the TCA cycle?

Accepted Answer

Thiamin (B1)

Question 12

Which water-soluble vitamin is found in highest concentrations in milk and is destroyed by ultraviolet light?

Accepted Answer

Riboflavin (B2)

Question 13

Which vitamin is necessary for the synthesis of neurotransmitter acetylcholine and steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Pantothenic acid

Question 14

Which vitamin deficiency can result from total parenteral nutrition and presents with hair loss, depression, and conjunctivitis?

Accepted Answer

Biotin

Question 15

Which vitamin is required for the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in the body?

Accepted Answer

Riboflavin

Question 16

Which vitamin is involved in the metabolism of glucose, protein, fat, and alcohol, and also helps keep skin cells healthy?

Accepted Answer

Niacin (B3)

Question 17

Which vitamin deficiency is most likely to cause inflamed tissues lining the throat, mouth, tongue, and lips, known as ariboflavinosis?

Accepted Answer

Riboflavin (B2)

Question 18

Which vitamin is absorbed in the ileum and requires intrinsic factor for absorption?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 19

Which vitamin is most likely to be found in high concentrations in peanuts, yeast, and egg yolks, and is also produced by bacteria in the GI tract?

Accepted Answer

Biotin

Question 20

Which vitamin, when taken in excess as a supplement, can cause reddish coloring of the face, nausea, and liver toxicity?

Accepted Answer

Niacin (B3)

Water-Soluble Vitamins: Properties, Functions, and Health Implications

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