Show how you would accomplish the following syntheses efficiently (you may use any necessary reagents).
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Synthetic pathways refer to the series of chemical reactions and transformations that convert starting materials into desired products. Understanding these pathways is crucial for planning efficient syntheses, as it involves selecting appropriate reagents and conditions to achieve the target molecule with minimal steps and byproducts.

Reagents are substances used in chemical reactions to facilitate the transformation of reactants into products. Each reagent has specific roles, such as acting as a catalyst, providing functional groups, or promoting certain reaction mechanisms. Knowledge of common reagents and their functions is essential for designing effective synthetic routes.

Reaction mechanisms describe the step-by-step sequence of elementary reactions that occur during a chemical transformation. Understanding these mechanisms helps predict the outcomes of reactions, including the formation of intermediates and the stereochemistry of products, which is vital for successful synthesis in organic chemistry.