Textbook Question
For each of the following acid–base reactions, (i) predict which side of the reaction you expect to be favored. If a pKa is not one of the ten common ones we learned in Chapter 4, it will be given to you.
(a)
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3. Acids and Bases
Acid Base Equilibrium
Multiple Choice
In the context of acid-base equilibrium, which of the following factors can disrupt the equilibrium?
A
No mutation
B
Natural selection
C
Large population size
D
Random mating
Verified step by step guidance1
Begin by understanding the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which is a principle that describes the genetic makeup of a population that is not evolving. It assumes that allele and genotype frequencies will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences.
Identify the conditions required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: no mutation, random mating, no natural selection, large population size, and no gene flow. These conditions ensure that allele frequencies in a population remain stable.
Consider the factors listed in the problem: no mutation, natural selection, large population size, and random mating. Evaluate each factor to determine if it disrupts the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Understand that natural selection is a process where certain traits become more common in a population because they confer a survival or reproductive advantage. This process changes allele frequencies over time, thus disrupting Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Conclude that among the factors listed, natural selection is the one that disrupts Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, as it leads to changes in allele frequencies due to differential survival and reproduction.
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