Textbook Question
Draw the structures of the following carboxylic acids.
(a) α-methylbutyric acid
(b) 2-bromobutanoic acid
(c) 4-aminopentanoic acid
(d) cis-4-phenylbut-2-enoic acid
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22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS
Naming Carboxylic Acids
11:57 minutesProblem 2d,e,f
Textbook Question
Name the following carboxylic acids (when possible, give both a common name and a systematic name).
(d) 
(e) 
(f) 
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Analyze the first structure (d). It is a cyclohexane ring with two carboxylic acid groups (-COOH) attached to adjacent carbons. The stereochemistry is indicated with wedge and dash bonds, showing that the carboxylic acids are cis to each other. The systematic name will be based on the parent cyclohexane ring and the positions of the carboxylic acids. The common name can be derived from the cis configuration of the dicarboxylic acid.
Step 2: Analyze the second structure (e). It is a benzene ring with two carboxylic acid groups (-COOH) attached at the 1 and 2 positions (ortho configuration) and a chlorine atom attached at the 3 position. The systematic name will involve numbering the substituents on the benzene ring, prioritizing the carboxylic acids. The common name can be derived from the ortho configuration of the dicarboxylic acid and the presence of chlorine.
Step 3: Analyze the third structure (f). It is a cyclohexane ring with two carboxylic acid groups (-COOH) attached at adjacent carbons and a methyl group (-CH3) attached to a third carbon. The systematic name will involve numbering the substituents on the cyclohexane ring, prioritizing the carboxylic acids and then the methyl group. The common name can be derived from the configuration of the dicarboxylic acid and the presence of the methyl group.
Step 4: For each structure, determine the systematic name by identifying the parent chain or ring, numbering the substituents according to IUPAC rules, and specifying stereochemistry if applicable. For example, in structure (d), the systematic name will include 'cyclohexane' and 'dicarboxylic acid' with stereochemical descriptors.
Step 5: For each structure, determine the common name by considering traditional naming conventions for carboxylic acids and their derivatives. For example, in structure (e), the common name will reflect the ortho configuration of the dicarboxylic acid and the chlorine substituent.
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Video duration:
11mKey Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Carboxylic Acids
Carboxylic acids are organic compounds characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group (-COOH). This functional group consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH). Carboxylic acids are known for their acidic properties and are commonly found in various biological and industrial processes.
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Carboxylic Acids Nomenclature
Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
The nomenclature of organic compounds follows specific rules set by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). For carboxylic acids, the systematic name is derived from the longest carbon chain containing the carboxyl group, with the suffix '-oic acid' added. Common names may also be used, often based on historical or traditional naming conventions.
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Structural Representation
Structural representation of organic compounds, including carboxylic acids, is crucial for understanding their chemical properties and reactivity. This includes knowing how to interpret molecular structures, such as line-angle formulas or condensed formulas, which depict the arrangement of atoms and functional groups within the molecule. Accurate representation aids in identifying the compound and predicting its behavior in chemical reactions.
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