Question 1

Which structural feature distinguishes an aldehyde from a ketone?

Accepted Answer

Aldehydes have one hydrogen attached to the carbonyl carbon.

Question 2

Which reagent would selectively oxidize a primary alcohol to an aldehyde without further oxidation to a carboxylic acid?

Accepted Answer

NaOCl/CH$$_3$$COOH

Question 3

What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound shown below?

$$	ext{CH}_3	ext{CH}_2	ext{CH}_2	ext{CHO}$$

Accepted Answer

1-butanal

Question 4

Which statement best explains why ketones are generally less reactive toward nucleophilic addition than aldehydes?

Accepted Answer

Ketones have more steric hindrance at the carbonyl group.

Question 5

During the nucleophilic addition to a carbonyl under acidic conditions, what is the first step?

Accepted Answer

The carbonyl oxygen is protonated by acid.

Question 6

Which product is formed when a Grignard reagent reacts with an aldehyde?

Accepted Answer

Secondary alcohol

Question 7

What is the geometry around the carbonyl carbon in aldehydes and ketones?

Accepted Answer

Trigonal planar

Question 8

Which compound is most soluble in water at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

1-Pentanol

Question 9

Which reagent is considered 'milder' and can be used in alcohol solvents for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones?

Accepted Answer

NaBH$$_4$$

Question 10

What is the product when benzaldehyde reacts with a primary amine?

Accepted Answer

Imine

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the mechanism for hemiacetal formation from an aldehyde and an alcohol?

Accepted Answer

SN1-like mechanism with acid catalysis

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the reduction of a ketone with NaBH$$_4$$?

Accepted Answer

The product is a secondary alcohol.

Question 13

Which reaction is chemoselective for reducing only the carbonyl group, leaving C=C bonds untouched?

Accepted Answer

Reduction with NaBH$$_4$$

Question 14

What is the major product when 2-methyl-2-butanol is oxidized with K$$_2Cr$_2O$_7 in H$_2SO$_4$$?

Accepted Answer

Ketone

Question 15

Which of the following statements about carbonyl resonance is correct?

Accepted Answer

Resonance stabilizes the carbonyl group by delocalizing electrons onto the oxygen atom.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct product of the Clemmensen reduction of a ketone?

Accepted Answer

Alkane

Question 17

In the mechanism for nucleophilic addition to a carbonyl, what is the role of acid catalysis?

Accepted Answer

It increases the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the boiling point trend among pentane, 1-pentanal, and 1-pentanol?

Accepted Answer

Pentane \u003c 1-pentanal \u003c 1-pentanol

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the solubility of aldehydes and ketones in water?

Accepted Answer

They are H-bond acceptors and can H-bond with water.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct product when an aldehyde reacts with two equivalents of alcohol under acidic conditions?

Accepted Answer

Acetal

Aldehydes and Ketones: Structure, Nomenclature, and Reactivity

Study Guide - Practice Questions